7 6 



Darwin, and after Darwin. 



as examples, by not only restricting these to cases 

 which occur in our own organization ; but of them I 

 shall mention only such as refer us to the very last 

 stage of our ancestral history viz. structures which 



FIG. 1 1 . Rudimentary, or vestigial and useless, muscles of the 

 human ear. (From Gray's Anatomy?) 



have become obsolescent since the time when our dis- 

 tinctively human branch of the family tree diverged from 

 that of our immediate forefathers, the Quadrumana. 



(i) Muscles of the external ear. These, which are 

 of large size and functional use in quadrupeds, we 



