45 6 



Index. 



Leptalis, 328. 



Leuculmis echinus, 122. 



Leviticus, classification of organic 

 nature in, 23. 



Life, origin of, 15. 



Linnaeus, on method in natural 

 history, 3 ; on classification, 26, 

 35-4. 



Lion, skeleton of, 175 ; feet of, 178. 



Lizard, heart and gill-arches of, 

 150. 



Lloyd Morgan, 273, 449, 450. 



Lungs, development of, 154, 354. 



Lyell, Sir Charles, on classification, 

 32 ; on uniformitarianism, 258 ; 

 on rational species, 344 ; on geo- 

 logical record, 420, 435, 439. 



M. 



Madeira, wingless beetles of, 68- 

 70 ; peculiar beetles of, 226, 227. 



Mammals, ovum of, 1 20-124 ; em- 

 bryology of, 151-155 ;palaeonto- 

 logyof, 163, 165, 167, 180-199; 

 limbs 0^174-178,182-199; brain 

 of, 194-199; of Australia and 

 New Zealand, 204, 205 ; distri- 

 bution of, on islands, 224-240. 



Mammoth cave, fauna of, 70-72. 



Man, nictitating membrane of, 75 ; 

 vestigial muscles of, 76, 77, 

 82, 83 ; tail of, compared with 

 that of apes, 82-84; hair of, 

 compared with that of apes, 89- 

 92 ; teeth of, compared with 

 those of apes, 92-94 ; perforation 

 of humerus of, 94, 95 ; flattening 

 of ancient tibiae of, 95, 96 ; 

 embryology of, 119, 153; hand 

 of, 54; arm of, 90, 91; limb- 

 bones of, 1 76, 177; palaeontology 

 of, 163, 165 ; brain of, 194, 195 ; 

 Mr. Syme on, 346, 347. 



Marsh, on palaeontology of the 

 horse, 188-190. 



Matthew, Patrick, on natural 

 selection, 257. 



Mesoderm, 142. 



Mesohippus, 189, 192. 



Metaphyta, 104, 105. 



Metazoa, 104. 



Method, ideas of, in natural history, 

 1-9 ; of organic evolution, 252- 

 261. 



Meyer, Professor Ludwig, on helix 

 of the human ear, 86. 



Mimicry, 320-322. 



Ministration, mutual, of species 

 alleged, 445, 446. 



Miohippus, 189. 



Mivart, St. George, on eye of 

 octopus, 57, 58, 348, 349; on 

 incipient organs, 362 ; on mutual 

 ministration of species, 445, 446. 



Mollusca, shells of, 19, 199-203; 

 eye of, 57, 58 ; embryology of, 

 J 55 5 palaeontology of, 163, 165. 



Monkeys, why all, do not become 



men, 342-344. 

 Monotremata, 205. 

 Morgan, see Lloyd Morgan. 

 Morphology, 50-97. 

 Mule, portrait of, 309. 

 Multicellular organisms, 104. 

 Multiplication, see Reproduction. 



Nageli, Prof., 337, 367. 



Natural History, ideas of method 

 in, 1-9. 



Natural, interpretations as opposed 

 to super-natural, 13-15 ; causa- 

 tion, 13-15. 



Natural selection, 252-378, 401- 

 410; Wells, Matthew, and 

 Whewell on, 257, 258,443-445 ; 

 statement of theory of, 256-284, 

 of evidences of, 285-332, of 

 criticisms of, 333-378 ; relation 

 of theoryof, to religiousthought, 

 401410; preserves types, 264- 

 267 ; cessation and reversal of, 

 270, 342 ; errors touching theory 

 of, 270-284, 332-364 ; definition 

 f> 2 75-376; antecedent standing 

 of theory of, 277-284; Prof. 

 Owen on, 333, 334; Duke of 

 Argyll on, 334-362 ; Mr. Syme 

 on, 340, 341, 345; need not 

 always make for improvement, 

 341-347 ; homology and analogy 

 in relation to, 347-350 ; often 

 determines beauty, 406, 407; in 



