182 ENTOMOLOGY. 



of the egg. Another species, by irritating the lips of the 

 horse in its endeavors to deposit its eggs there, renders 

 the animal almost ungovernable: while the larvae of a 

 third species, hatching in the stomach of this animal from 

 eggs introduced by its tongue, produce a disease, often- 

 times severe, and which receives its name from the larva? 

 which produce it. Our inoffensive flocks too, are com- 

 pelled to sutler from a species of gad-fly, which, deposit- 

 ing its eggs in the nostrils of the animal, feeds in the 

 larvae state upon the delicate membrane there, causing 

 extreme distress, and not unfrequently, by insinuating 

 itself into the brain, produces death. But these are 

 not the only sufferers: not only does a species of gad- 

 fly deposit its eggs in the abdomen of man, causing great 

 irritation and suffering, in the torrid zone, but in some 

 cases, even destroys life. The larvae of the second genus, 

 Tipula, the crane-fly, in some seasons, do much injury 

 to grass, wheat and corn, by burrowing in their roots. 

 With the inconveniences of the third genus, Musca, the 

 fly, all must be conversant : by this genus, our articles 

 of luxury are tarnished, our provisions destroyed, our 

 persons molested, while some species, not satisfied with 

 one substance, attack all provisions which may be gather- 

 ed for use by the husbandman : others are abroad, de- 

 positing the seeds of ruin in our grain, disappointing the 

 hard working agriculturist. One species, a few years 

 since in this country, from its ravages in our wheat fields, 

 caused no common alarm. Nor is it to be wondered at, 

 that the Hessian-fly should now be thought of with terror, 

 when it is remembered, that it not only attacked this 

 grain as soon as it began to grow, and destroyed every 

 part of.it, but also by depositing its eggs in the stem, so 

 weakened it, as to prevent the ear from ripening. An- 

 other genus, Tabanus, the whame-fly, is at times very 

 troublesome. The horse is a principal sufferer from their 

 attacks although in Africa, the inhabitants of whole 

 counties are compelled to emigrate yearly to the locations 

 of sand, to prevent their cattle from being destroyed by 

 the attacks of this insect. The Culex, or gnat, remains 

 to be noticed the greatest plague of this order. Annoy- 

 ing as the musquitto is to us, when travelling in the vicin- 



