552 HAIL-ROADS. 



that the adhesion of the locomotive carriage with its 

 plain cast iron wheels was adequate for every purpose on 

 ordinary railways. The improvement consequent upon 

 this, was effected by Mr Stephenson in the north of Eng- 

 land, and until very recently, such engines with some 

 unimportant alterations have been generally used where 

 fuel is cheap. These locomotive carriages draw upwards 

 of 100 tons on a level at four miles the hour, and on an 

 average forty tons at six miles, performing the work of 

 twelve to sixteen horses. The engines weigh from six 

 to twelve tons and cost about $ 1600. 



The Liverpool and Manchester rail-road was originally 

 intended for passengers principally. It is now complet- 

 ed, and 2500 passengers have been conveyed over it in 

 d single day. It has four sets of tracks, two for rapid 

 passage, and two for heavier burdens each way. 



In October, 1829, a prize of .500 was awarded by the 

 Directors of the work to the successful locomotive steam 

 engine the ' Rocket.' The competition then called forth, 

 issued in bringing before the world facts almost over- 

 whelming in their nature and consequences. 



The application of steam as a superior moving power 

 upon a railway has been fully tested by these experiments, 

 and the prize engine performed the required seventy 

 miles. Another, the ' Novelty,' of beautiful structure and 

 involving a new principle in the consumption of fuel, 

 though not then successful, was much admired and has 

 since caused various improvements in steam carriages. 

 The cylinders of these engines were equal, and the pres- 

 sure upon the pistons the same, the power therefore equal. 



Net Weight with Fuel for 



weight. fuel, &c. 35 miles. 



Rocket 5 tons. 5| tons. 5 cwt. or 2 cents per mile. 



Novelty 2| 3$ ! i " 



Actual performance on a course one and three fourth 

 miles in length : 



Tons. Miles. Miles. 



Rocket with 17 went 12 the hour, with passengers only, 24 the h. 

 Novelty with 15 t( 20f " 32 to 35 



35 13 



