556 RAIL-ROADS. 



miles of rail-road were in use, and 2000 more have been 

 for some time projected. Of this 1500 miles, only about 

 100 are for general traffic, the greater part being in the 

 coal districts. The Liverpool and Manchester rail-road 

 cost from its very expensive cuttings, and the unusual 

 number of tracks, 690,000 per mile. The Stockton and 

 Darlington cost $45,000 per mile. 

 In our own country the 



Erie Canal cost per mile $20,000 



Farming^on Canal do. 11,000 



Blackstone Canal do. 13,000 



Hudson and Delaware Canal do. 18, 

 Boston to Springfield estimated at 



Baltimore and Ohio Rail-road estimated ! $20,000 per mile. 



Mauch Chunk :">&* ' cost single 4,700 



Ithica ;dOn radii'* i rmq.;4jDOfr 



Lackawana , btJrVlUsd hor ^arj-^i 6,500 '37003 



Boston to Providence, to Albanv, to Brattleboro' 



each estimated at 15,000 



We must bear in mind, that the increase of distance 

 Dy : a canal is often one half beyond the length of the or- 

 dinary road. The rail-road on the contrary increases but 

 little, and sometimes actually diminishes the route. 



The Austrian rail-road cost 810,000 per mile. This 

 extends from Budweis on the Elbe eighty miles to Linz 

 on the Danube, thus connecting the navigable waters of 

 these two rivers, and opening an easy communication 

 between the Black Sea and Hamburg. It was construct- 

 ed in 1827 and 1828. 



' Near London, the annual expense of repairs on the 

 great roads is often 85,000 per mile. Some parts of our 

 Cumberland road cost 17,000 per mile, and part of the 

 Lancaster turnpike in Pennsylvania cost $15,000 per 

 mile ; neither of these are macadamized. 



In Scotland, on a level, a single rail-road has been 

 constructed, on which one horse draws ten and a half 

 tons at four miles per hour, for 3000 per mile. Here 

 of course were no excavations or embankments. 



The actual expense of rail-road conveyance on ths 

 most approved principles, must vary under different cir- 

 cnmstances. Previous to the recent improvemants in 



