INTRODUCTION. 



BODIES of men combined together into societies for the 

 promotion of any definite object, are called Organizations. 

 This implies that certain individuals or members connected 

 with these social bodies, have appropriated to them distinct 

 and peculiar functions or departments of labor, and that 

 each works not only for himself but for the benefit of the 

 entire society. The same expressive and appropriate term 

 is applicable to those larger human gatherings, called Civil- 

 ized Communities. Men associate with each other, because 

 they are personally interested in doing so; they give society 

 the benefit of those talents with which Provideace has en- 

 dowed them, and contribute to the advancement of its lite- 

 rature, its manufactures and commerce, because they receive 

 from society support and the means of ensuring their own 

 progress. Hence we read of the organization of men in 

 civilized communities. 



We sometimes hear the expression, "He is a gentleman 

 in independent circumstances ;" but, strictly speaking, none 

 are really independent. The rich cannot subsist without the 

 labor of the poor, any more than a tree can develope with- 

 out leaves. All the luxuries with which the rich man's 



home is adorned, and which superior intellectual refinement 

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