410 NOTES ON DOCKS AND DOCK CONSTRUCTION. 



(c) Removal of an artificial breakwater, or a protecting point of 

 land, or spit of gravel, outside the harbour. 



(d) Filling up side creeks or lateral basins in a harbour or its 

 entrance channel. 



(e) Shortening the distance between the sea and the entrance to 

 an inner basin or dock by projecting the basin or dock further out 

 from the shore, so as to bring the gates nearer to the sea entrance, or 

 projecting the mouth of a harbour further seawards. 



(/) Removal of a jetty, or filling up an artificial side chamber, or 

 converting " toters," or rough sloping embankments into plumb walls. 



(g) Shortening an entrance channel or an outer side breakwater, 

 or walls within a harbour. 



(h) Widening the entrance or the entrance channel. 



(i) Reduction of the area of the basin of a harbour. 



(k) Making smoother the surface of a natural sloping beach, 

 either within or outside the harbour, by pitching the surface. 



(Z) Lowering the top of a protecting outside breakwater, over 

 which the sea breaks. 



(m) Converting an open timber quay into a close quay. 



(n) Lengthening a breakwater or outer pier, so as to intercept a 

 greater portion of the waves which come in certain directions. 



