XVI 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Lakes and rivers . . . page 141 



The Thames water 141 



Length of Rivers 142 



Coral islands 143 



Two latitudes 143 



Mercator's chart ....... 143 



Mountains 144 



British and Irish mountains 144 



Levels in London . . page 145 



Square miles 145 



Temperature of the North 



Pole 145 



Dryness of high lati- 

 tudes 146 



The North Pole 146 



POPULATION. 



Census of 1801 147 



Censuses of 1801, 1811, 



and 1821 148 



England during the last 



century 148 



London 149 



Principal towns of England 150 

 Principal towns of Scot- 

 land 151 



Principal cities of Ireland 151 

 Hank of the principal 

 towns in Great Britain 

 and Ireland with re- 

 spect to population in 



1821 152 



Population of Ireland A.D. 



1821 152 



Principal towns of the 

 United States 152 



Food and population .... 152 



Checks to population .... 153 



Rome 153 



Paris 153 



Old countries 153 



Kindred 154 



Power of increase 154 



Population of the United 



States of America ..... 154 



Censuses 155 



Mortality 155 



The Cape of Good Hope . 155 

 Indian population of Spa- 

 nish America 156 



Brazil population, 1820 . . 156 



Buenos Ayres, 1820 .... 156 



Chile, 1820 157 



Peru, 1820 157 



Bengal, 1820 157 



CHEMISTRY. 



Various definitions of che- 

 mistry 158 



The chemistry of nature . . 158 



Operating causes 158 



Elements 159 



Chemical union 159 



Modes of existence 159 



Discoveries 159 



Chemical nomenclature . . 1 59 



Calcination 160 



Dr. Black's law 160 



160 

 160 



Dalton's rule of affinity 

 Unity 



Chemical signs 161 



Atomic theory 161 



Atoms 161 



Ultimate atoms 161 



Invariable proportion .... 162 



