STATISTICS. 110 



American National Debt. 



The national debt of the United States of America 

 amounted, in A.D. 1791, to 75,463,000 dollars. 

 1812, to 45,209,000 

 1816, to 127,334,000 

 1823, to 90,875,000 



Revenue from Taxation. 



An account of the gross receipt derived from tax- 

 ation in Great Britain (drawbacks, and payments of 

 the nature of drawbacks, deducted ; exclusive of all 

 loans, and of payments received from Ireland and 

 Austria) in each year since Jan. 1815 : 



1815 . 70,422,151 1821. . 54,638,141 



1816 .< . 61,437,257 1822 . . 53,823,511 



1817 . . 51,183,134 1823 . . 52,561,802 



1818 . . 52,717,933 1824 . . 52,685,930 



1819 . . . 51,385,950 1825 . . 53,951,463 



1820 . . 54,058,666 



Canals and Rail Roads. 



In 1823, the total length of canals in Great Bri- 

 tain, excluding those under five miles, was 2589 

 miles. Taking the average of 75 canals, the cost of 

 making has been estimated at .9000 per mile; com- 

 mon rail roads at 5000 per mile; the Liverpool and 

 Manchester rail road at 1 2,000 per mile. 



On a well-constructed level rail road an ordinary 

 horse will draw, with considerable ease, a load of 

 seven or eight tons 2| miles per hour, or eleven tons 

 at the rate of two miles per hour : on a canal the 

 same horse will draw thirty tons 2 miles per hour. 

 But the resistance to any body in the water increases 

 as the square of the velocity; besides which, a horse, 

 when put to the speed of four miles an hour, exerts 

 a diminished force. It would therefore require six 



