GRAMMAR, &C. 275 



Ty .... A house. 



Cwm ... A deep valley. 



Du or Dee . . Black. 



Eglwys ... A church. 



Tre, Tref . . A house, village. 



Yr . . . . The. 



Aber, a British word for the fall of one stream or 

 rivulet into another, junction, confluence, &c., as 

 Aber-deen. 



Celtic Languages. 



The Celtic languages differ from the Greek and 

 Latin, in having no cases to their nouns, nor passive 

 verbs, in the common use of auxiliary verbs, as well 

 as in many other points. 



Language of the Incas. 



The language called the Quichan, or language of 

 the Incas, is said to be harmonious, although the 

 sounds B. D. F. G. and R. are wanting. 



Punctuation. 



Punctuation is a modern art, for the ancients were 

 entirely unacquainted with the use of our commas, 

 colons, &c., and wrote not only without any dis- 

 tinction of chapters, sections, members, or periods, 

 but also without distinction of words. In ancient 

 Greek manuscripts, the whole discourse seems writ- 

 ten with one stroke of the pen, the words and letters 

 being joined throughout. This practice Lipsius thinks 

 continued until the 104th Olympiad, up to which 

 time the sense alone divided the discourse. 



The Conjunction disjunctive. 



Two or more nouns, &c. in the singular number, 

 joined together by one or more copulative conjunc- 

 tions, expressed or understood, must have verbs, 



