62 THE CONTAGIOUS TYPHUS 



herds from the steppes of Hungary, and on the 

 other the wretched hygienic conditions amidst 

 which the cattle had to live in the campaign- 

 ing armies. 



Many books have been published of late 

 years on the diseases of cattle, in France and 

 Germany; and several distinguished English 

 veterinary surgeons, especially Professor Si- 

 monds, have also devoted their attention to 

 the same subject. In the second part of this 

 work, we shall have occasion to refer to their 

 labours. 



In France, Eenault, Delafond, d'Arboval, 

 Gelle, whose works enjoy a deserved reputa- 

 tion, have discussed the subject of the origin 

 of this disease. 



Eenault asserts that the disease has but one 

 single focus, the steppes of Eussia and Hun- 

 gary. The epizootics of Asia, Africa, and South 

 America are caused, he considers, by the im- 

 portation of animals to those countries. It 

 is thus that he explains the epizootia which, 

 under the name of Delombodera, devastated the 

 American Eepublics in 1832, and that which, 

 in 1841, appeared in Egypt. Eenault thinks 

 that neither the long transit, nor the filthy state 



