CH. VI.] EMIGRATION. 93 



there existed a common interest : the slave followed 

 his master, the vassal his lord, the soldier his officer; 

 in short, the weak were under the guidance of a 

 chief, whose power they constituted and whose 

 protection they in turn received. 



On the contrary, the emigrations which we have 

 examined in this chapter have no precedent in 

 history, and form a scourge unknown until recent 

 times amongst civilized nations and even amongst 

 savages. 



Historians have pretended, that the course of 

 emigration has been from north to south : this as- 

 sertion has little foundation, for modern history 

 shows that the Arabs and Africans, who inhabit from 

 20 to 30 latitude, have invariably pushed their in- 

 vasions northwards, as the inhabitants of from 55 

 to 70 have uniformly taken a southern direction. 

 The countries situated from 40 to 50 have thus 

 been the object of ambition to the inhabitants of the 

 north and of the south, because both these peoples 

 there found, first the productions to which they 

 were accustomed, and moreover the wine which is 

 not produced in other climates. 



But these modern emigrations are very different ; 

 for the inhabitants of the banks of the Rhine quit 

 the country which affords the best wines and where 

 the climate is the most beautiful, and go to settle 

 on the banks of the St. Lawrence, where it freezes 



