50 OUR NATIVE FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES. 



Contains the following twelve groups* which are variously 

 classified by different authors. The first, second, and twelfth 

 are algae. 



1. COLEOCH^ETE^E. (Small fresh-water algae.) 



2. FLORIDE^E. (Red algae.) 



3. PERISPORIACEJE. (Powdery Mildews.) 



4. TUBERACE^E. (Truffles, etc.) 



5. HELVELLACE^E. (Cup-fungi, Morels, etc.) 



6. PYRENOMYCETES. (Ergot, Black-knot, etc.) 



7. LICHENES. (Lichens.) 



8. UREDINE^E. (Cluster-cups, red and black Rusts.) 



9. USTILAGINE/E. (Smuts.) 



10. HYMENOMYCETES. (Mushrooms, Pore-fungi, etc.) 



1 1. GASTEROMYCETES. (Puff-balls, Earth -stars, Stink- 

 horns.) 



12. CHARACE^E. (Stone-worts.) 



1 35. V. Bryophyta. Plant body varying from a thallus 

 to a distinct leafy axis, containing only a rudimentary fibro- 

 vascular system ; life-history involving two alternating phases : 

 (i) a highly organized sexual phase, producing archegonia and 

 antheridia; and (2) a sporogonial phase, living parasitically on 

 the first, and asexually producing spores. Two well-marked 

 classes are recognized. 



1. HEPATIC/E. (Liverworts.) 



2. Musci. (True Mosses, Peat Mosses.) 



136. VI. Pteridophyta. Plant body usually a leafy axis 

 containing a well-developed fibro-vascular system of highly dif- 

 ferentiated tissue; life-history involving two phases : (i) a thal- 

 loid phase, producing sexual organs (antheridia, archegonia), 

 and (2) a highly organized asexual phase, producing spores. 



(The subdivisions of this branch are more fully arranged in 

 another portion of this work.) 



137. VII. Spermaphyta.f Plant body, except in rare 



* The groups from 3 to 9 inclusive are classed by Bessey as Ascomycetes ; 

 10 and ii as Basidiomycetes. 



t I have followed Goebel in using th is term in place of the older Phanero- 

 gamia, because of (i) its fitness, and (2) its uniformity with other branches. 

 Like the term Cryptogamia, Phanerogamia has lost its original significance, 

 and may well be classed with it as obsolete. 



