Country and City 57 



be greatly extended, as the rise of civilization 

 does not cause men to eat more. These argu- 

 ments rest on the assumption that agriculture 

 produces only or chiefly food ; but probably 

 more than half of the agricultural product of 

 the United States is not food. It is cotton, 

 flax, hemp, wool, hides, timber, tobacco, dyes, 

 drugs, flowers, ornamental trees and plants, 

 horses, pet and fancy stock, and a hundred 

 other non-edible commodities. 



The total food products in the United 

 States, according to the twelfth census, was 

 11,837,000,000. The cost of materials used 

 in the three industries of textile, lumber, and 

 leather manufactures alone was $1,851,000,000. 

 If the outlay for subsistence relatively dimin- 

 ishes as income increases, we must remember 

 that the amenities and luxuries increase in 

 intimate ratio with the income ; and the larger 

 part of these categories come from the farms 

 and the forests. Mention but four agricultural 

 articles wood, paper, leather, cloth that 

 enter into our items of building, furniture, and 

 clothing, and you see at once what civilization 



