10 



PATTERN MAKING 



Rip saws should be Hied square across; that is, the file should 



be held horizontal and at right angles to the side of the blade, always 



filing each alternate tooth from the opposite side of the saw; this, 



if done by beginning at the heel and working the file toward the 



point of the blade, will give 

 a very slight bevel to the 

 back edge of the tooth, 

 causing it to cut cleaner 

 and with less set than if 

 filed otherwise. 



Rip saws require very 

 little set for use in dry. 

 well-seasoned lumber, such 

 as is always used in pattern 

 making. The teeth should 

 be "set," or bent, only at 

 the points, as shown at e 

 andyin Fig. 10; and in no 

 case should the set exceed 

 more than half the depth 

 of the tooth. 

 When the points only are set, the saw will work more freely, 



and the blade of the saw will not be "sprung," or bent, in setting 



In using a rip saw, the front or cutting edge of the saw blade 



should be held at an angle of about 45 to 



the board, as shown in Fig. 11. This 



brings the back of the tooth nearly at 



right angles to the fibres of the wood, and 



insures a shearing cut. For fine work and 



well-seasoned material, hand saws may be 



bought ground so thin on the back as to 



require no set. Such tools work very 



Q 



Fig. 12. 



smoothly and easily, cutting away less wood and doing better work 

 th;m saws that have been set. 



The crosscut saw really severs or cuts the fibres of the wood 

 twice, as shown at a in Fig. 12, the intervening projections being 

 loosened and carried out as dust by the thrust of the saw, 

 producing a nearly straight-bottomed kerf, as shown at b (Fig. 12). 



