18 



cause that end to tilt up and the plane-iron to chatter on the 

 surface as it begins to cut the shaving. This is owing to the fact 

 that nearly two-thirds of the plane overhangs the end of the board, 

 requiring firm pressure on the forward end to balance it while the 

 stroke is being started. 



To insure smooth work, care must be taken to plane with the 

 grain of the wood, and not against the ends of the fibres as they 

 lie in the surface of the board. Should the fibres tear out and the 

 surface become rough, reverse 

 the ends of the boards so as 

 to cut the shaving in the 

 opposite direction, and note 

 the difference in the effect on 

 the planed surface. 



Of iron planes, the most 

 important is the No. 5 jack 

 plane, 14 inches long, and hav- 

 ing a cutter 2 inches in width. This plane is illustrated in Fig. 25. 

 When the pattern lumber has first been roughly planed in a 

 planing mill, this No. 5 plane almost exclusively can be used for 

 planing and pattern making. In making or in "truing up" very 

 large surfaces, however, or in making long glue joints, the No. 7 



jointer plane, 22 inches long and 

 having a cutter 2f inches wide, will 

 be found necessary. This plane is 

 shown in Fig. 22, and differs from 

 the jack plane only in its length 

 and in its extra width of face. 

 Fig. 26. For mahogany or other hard 



wood, the No. 4 smooth plane, illustrated in Fig. 26, will be found 

 very useful. This plane is made in several sizes. The No. 4, 

 which is 9 inches long and has a 2-inch cutter, is the best size for 

 general use. 



Next in importance to the three planes already mentioned, 

 is the block plane, illustrated in Fig. 27. The No. 19, which is 

 7 inches long and has a cutter If inches wide, is the most desirable 

 for the pattern maker's use. It has an adjustable throat, as well as 

 the screw and lateral lever adjustments of the other planes. This 



