PATTERN MAKING 



When to use the grindstone is a question that often occurs 

 to the beginner, who sometimes confuses the use of the grindstone 

 with that of the oil stone. The grindstone is not in any sense an 

 instrument for sharpening woodworkers' tools. When a chisel 

 or a plane-iron has been sharpened on the oil stone for several 

 successive times, the bevel is gradually worn shorter, and its shape 

 changed from that shown at , Fig. 86, to a shape similar to that 



Fig. 85. 



Fig. 86. 



shown at I. When the length of the bevel is thus reduced, the 

 angle of the cutting edge is too obtuse to do good work, or to work 

 easily. The metal at c must then be ground off on the grindstone, 

 and the bevel of the tool restored to its former correct shape 

 as shown at #, after which the cutting edge must be sharpened and 

 finished on the oil stone. 



LATHES. 



Of all power-driven machines, the most indispensable to the 

 pattern maker is the wood turning lathe. In a small shop where 

 small patterns only are made, a 14-inch or a 16-inch speed lathe, 

 such as is shown in Fig. 87, may prove sufficient for all purposes; 

 but if only one lathe can be afforded, it should be a regular pattern- 

 maker's lathe, similar to that illustrated in Fig. 88. 



The latter differs from the speed lathe in that the head-stock 

 spindle extends through the left-hand bearing, and is fitted to 

 receive face-plates and chucks, the same as on the inside end. 



The arrangement of the countershaft is also such as to give a 

 much wider range of speed to the lathe head, so that pieces of 

 very large diameter may be turned at a speed proportioned to 

 their sizes. These lathes are also fitted with a hand-feed slide rest 

 either compound, as shown in the illustration, or a plain sliding 

 tool-holder moved by a rack and pinion, as may bo desired. The 

 tail stock is so arranged as to be adjustable for turning long 

 cylinders, either tapering or straight, as may be required. When 



