B A T 



B A T 



Pig. 1. The line A B represent one Bide of the polygon 



supposed to inclose the town fortified. The semicircular 



work at A is half a round tower; and A C is part of tln> 



curtain, or connecting wall between two such towers, ac- 



'.t; to tin- antient manner of fortifying places ; a e re- 



prctentt a sort of /mate braye, or elevation of earth pro- 



i; the antient walls of a place. D represent* half A 



'. tin- anL'lc, A, of the polygon, accord- 



iiii; to the method ofthe flrst Italian and French engineers, 



with an orillon and triple flank. The prmagnnal llgure 



tbout B it the plan of a modem bastion, of which the part 



on the left of the rapilal, B K, represent* what is called a 

 hollow, and that on the right a solid bastion. An imaginary 

 line from/ to f is the gorge, and the rampart, /, is the 

 curium joining the right Itnnk of one bastion to tin- left of 

 the ncv. The space, K (i K, is the mam ditch; and II 

 and K are respectively the position* of a counter and enli- 

 lading IrtlMcry which might be constructed liy the enemy to 

 silence tlie fin- from the triple Hank of 1). The oui 

 I*. <'. y, K, 8, [TKNAILI.K, CAPONNIKRR, RATSLIN, Co- 

 YKRKII WAY, and GLACIS] will be described under those 

 words. 



Fig. 2 represents a section supposed to be made from 

 B to L, perpendicularly across the rampart on the left face 

 of B, and the main ditch in its front. M and N are section^ 

 through the revetments, or walls which support the earth 

 un the sides of the ditch. 



. 3, V reprrsonts the plan of a detached bastion : T 

 is a tower bastion at an angle of the polygon which sur- 

 rounds the place. 



( \ itruvius. De Architectural ; Maggi, Delia Forti/ira- 

 tinne dette Oitta, Venetia, 1584; Errard, La Fortttiratinn 

 r'-ttirite en art, Par. 1600; De Ville, L'lngenieur Par fait, 

 Par. 1672; Vauban, (Buvrei Militaires, jiar Koissac, 1'ar. 

 1795; Belidor, La Science de F In%enieur, Par. 1729; 1'ri- 

 tach, L Architecture Militaire, Par. 1668; Cormontaifftie, 

 (Even* Posthumes, Par. 1809; Montalembert, La Forti- 

 fication Perpendiculaire, Par. 1776-98; Bousmard', Essai 

 Gtntral de Fortification, Par. 1814 ; St. Paul, Traite Com- 

 plct de Fortification, Par. 1806 ; Savftrt, Cmtrx Klrmcntairf 

 de Fortification, Par. 1830 ; Mandar, De tArrfu 

 Furte renes. Par. 1801; Dufour, De la Fortification P,I- 

 manente, Geneve, 1 822 ; Carnot, De la Dtyentc drs PI,ic<-\ 

 Forte*, Par. 1812; Col. Pasley, Course of Elemental 

 ii/lcation, Lond. 1822; Maloiiie, Permanent Fortify 

 Lond. 1821; Capt. Straith, A Treatite on Fortijicatt'in, 

 Croydon, 1833.) 



BAT. [See CHKIROPTKRA.] 



BATA'RA (Zoology), D'Azara's name for the Jinsh- 

 hrikn, forming the genus TlmmnnfMhu of Vieillot A 

 very good account of these birds, which appear to hare been 

 found between the northern and southern points of Canada 

 nuil Paraguay, will be found in the Memoirs of Dr. Such 

 and Mr. Swainson, published in the Zoological Jmtrnal. 

 The latter zoologist considers the typical group to consist of 

 the species with long tails : and of this division, Thamno- 

 philut yigonii. Such ( Vanf>a striata, Quoyand Gaimard), 

 may be taken as an illustration. 



Dr. Such staten this to be the- largest species yet known, 

 and gives thirteen inches as the length of the body. The 

 bill is black and very much compressed. In the male 

 (which is the sex here figured) the back, wings, and tail are 

 black, broadly banded with fulvous, and the uuchr part of 



the body is a dirty whitish-brown. On the head is a rufous 

 crest which is blackish at the apex. In the female the 



