B A T 



40 



A T 



trefoiled or cinquefoiled, and the interval is a quatrcfoil in 

 n rirrle ; the whole is covered with a moulding running 



.,'iizontally and vertically. 



Perpendicular English Battlements. In the balllemenU 

 belonging to this period, parapets without indentures still 

 rontiuued to be used occasionally : the serpentine line \viih 

 the trefoil was also still in use, but the line dividing the tre- 

 foil was more frequently made straight, and tK- dnisioiu 

 were consequently formed into triangular pannels. But in 

 the early and best works the trefoils arc not divided by 

 straight lines. One of the finest examples of pannelled 

 parapets is at the Beauchamp Chapel, at Warwick, consist- 

 ing of quatrefoils in squares, with shields and flowers. 

 There are many varieties of pierced battlements belonging 

 to this period. Those erected in the early part of it have 

 commonly quatrefoils, either in the lower compartments or 

 above the panncls of the lower compartments, forming part 

 of the higher pannels. Two heights of pannels are also 

 frequently employed in battlements of this period. At 

 I.oughborough there is an example of a fine baitlement, 

 consisting of rich pierced quatrefoils in two heights. Such 

 battlements have generally a moulded cornice running 

 round the battlement and the embrasure. A few edifices of 

 a later period have pierced battlements ornamented with 

 p .'imed compartments, as in the lower of Lincoln Cathedral, 



[From tltr tower of Lincoln Cathedral, from a sketch by G. Moore, Arch.] 



the Tomb-house at Windsor, the Lady Chapel at Peter- 

 borough, and the great battlement at King's College Chapel, 

 t ambridge. Sometimes on the exterior of a building, and 

 often within, the Tudor or three-leaved flower, forming a 

 point at the top, is used on the battlement, as at the screens 

 in the choir of Exeter Cathedral ; and there are a few in- 

 stances of the upper part of a battlement analogous in form 

 to it in small works erected long before this date, as at 

 Northampton Cross. But Waltham Cross, erected at the 



[Northampton Croat, from an original ketch by 0. Moore, Arch.] 



same time, is without this finish. Some battlements of this 

 period, especially in very rich designs, have, in lieu of the 

 Tudor tlowcr, a iinial on the top of pierced quatrefoils, as at 

 Woolptt and Blithborough Churches in Suffolk. 

 Of plain battlements in the perpendicular style there ore 

 many varieties. Some are formed with nearly equal in- 

 tervals, and with a plain coping placed both horizontally 

 and vertically. Castellated battlements have the embrasures 

 between the battlements nearly equal to the width of the 

 battlements themselves : sometimes they have wide battle- 



racnt.s and narrow embrasures, with the coping moulding 

 placed horizontally and the sides cut plain. Another bat- 

 tlement consists of a moulding running round the battlement 

 and the embrasure, while u rapping is set upon the hori- 

 zontal putt of the embrasure ami battlement, as at York 

 Minster. The most common battlement towards the close 



[Turret of King'. Colic,;* thai <>!, C..mUi.l^. .] 



of this penod has a broad comioe consisting of f. 

 mouldings running both vertically and horizontally, the 

 embrasures being very often much narrowed and the battle- 

 ment enlarged. 



As the battlements of the perpendicular style were liable 

 to frequent alterations, they cannot alone be deluded on to 

 determine the age of a building. (Riekman's Attempt i<> 

 Discriminate the Styles o/ Engltuli Architecture.) Be- 

 tween the periods which are distinguished by the appella- 

 tions of early, decorated, and perpendicular English, there 

 are some minute shades of difference in the detail and pro- 

 portion of battlements. This will be apparent on an ex- 

 amination of the antient edifices of Great Britain. 



The battlement, which was originally designed for the 

 protection of the besieged, became afterwards merely an 

 ornament to an edifice. A most remarkable example of 



[ButtiMi, with battlement*, at Loddon Church, Norfolk.] 



the excessive use of it as a decoration is shown in the an- 

 nexed cut, representing the top of a buttress at l..tdd,.;i 

 Church, Norfolk. 



(For representations of battlements, sco Britton's Ca- 

 Uiedrals ; and J'iews nf Collegiate anil Parochial Chit. 

 in Great Britain, by .1. P. Neale.) 



BATURIN, a town founded by Stephen Balhory when 

 King of Poland, at present situated' in the Russian province 

 oflschernigoff, orCzerniechoff, and in the circle ol B 

 It occupies a picturesque position on a hill, and is skii i> 

 one bide by the Seyiua, in the midst of a beautiful expanse 

 of country which is remarkable for its fertility. The town 

 is surrounded by a wall of earth, and contains a hands Nine 

 convent, eight churches, and about 5000 inhabitants. Tho 

 environs are well cultivated. The soil and climate are fa- 

 vourable to the partial growth of the filbert, vine, and mul- 

 berry; and the trade of the district, which is promoted by 

 fairs held in the place, depends ehiclly on agricultural pro- 

 duce. Baturin was for some time a favourite r< 

 the Atamans of the Cossacks, among whom none lias ac- 

 quired greater notoriety than the trailer MftMppa, who sold 

 himself to the Swedes in 1708. The Kn>sians, to whom 

 AH has belonged since the year 1604, afterwards burnt 

 it in revenge for the treachery of Mazeppa. It ha- 



i. -limit, and wa.s with its dependencies, including at 

 that time nearly 9300 male inhabitants, granted by ihe 

 Kiuprcss Elizabeth to Prince RazunioHsKy, ,Ui"se de- 

 vciidaiiU are its present proprietors. The palace uf liiu 

 Atamans and its once handsome grounds are now goi 

 decay. Baturin lies, accordingto Hostel, ill Sl 4"/ N. Int., 

 and 50 40' E. long. 



