B A V 



B A V 



Matliias, King of Hungary): a Roman Catholic chapter- 

 house : a spacious town-hall and public library ; a house of 

 assembly for the states ; a nourishing and richly-endowed 

 gymnasium ; a seminary for educating teachers, with a 

 primary school attached to it : a large cathedral church, 

 founded in 1213, and usixl both bv the Catholics and Lu- 

 thenms in common, for which purpose it is divided by a 

 screen of trellis-work : a Protestant church for tlie Wend 

 rogation ; three other churches ; an orphan asylum ; 

 five hospitals ; a mechanics' school, &c. There are manu- 

 factures of woollens, cotton, linen, stockings, yarn, gun- 

 powder, pnper, copper and iron-ware, beer and spirits, &c., 

 in and about Bautzen ; and it carries on considerable in- 

 ternal trade. It was the birth-place of Meissncr the poet, 

 who died in 1805. In the neighbourhood of Bautzen is 

 Klein Wclke, a Moravian colony with seminaries for boys and 

 girls : and also the battle-fields of Hochkirch, and Kittlitz 

 or Wurschen, the one fought in 174G, and the other, which 

 was attended by the conflagration of thirty villages, on the 

 2nih and 21st of May, 1S13, between Napoleon and the 

 allied Russians and Prussians. The town contains about 

 1400 houses and "'200 inhabitants, but with its suburbs 

 nearly l.f,''H!i. It is in 51 10' N. lat., 14 30' E. long. : 

 a!) nit' 3H miles E.N.E. of Dresden. 



BAVARIA (THE KINGDOM OF) derives its origin 

 from one of the most ancient duchies in modern Europe ; 

 the name appears to come from the Boii or Boioarii, its 

 early inhabitants, and the appellation is retained in the 

 modern German name of Baiern. It is composed of the 

 greater part of the former circles of Bavaria and Franconia, 

 of certain districts of Swabia, the principalities of Anshach 

 and Baireuth, the bishoprics of Bamberg, Wiirzburg, Augs- 

 burg, Eichsta'U, and Freisingen, and some parts of those of 

 Mainz, Fulda, and Speyer (Spires). Its extent is at present 

 more than one-half greater than in the year I 777, when the 

 elector Charles Theodore inherited it, and added to it his pa- 

 irimony in the Palatiuate.comprising 4240 square miles. The 

 electorate it.-clt'did not previously exceed 16,674 square miles, 

 hut this accession, and the subsequent acquisition of the 

 Deux Pouts territory in 1799, increased it to 21,550 square 

 miles. Above seven-eighths of the territories which now 

 compose it lie in the south of Germany, east of the Rhine, 

 and form a compact state, commonly designated the Tern- 



ton/ of the Danube and Main, which extends from 47 19' 

 to 5u' J 41' N. lat., and from 8 51' to 13 44' E. long.; its 

 circuit, taken in straight lines, is estimated at nearly 1130 

 miles, but followed out in all its curvatures, at upwards of 

 1530. Tiiis portion of the Bavarian dominions, in which 

 seven out of the eight provinces are comprised, is bounded 

 on the south by the Tyrol and Vorarlberg, and at its south 

 eastern extremity by the Austrian circle of the Salzach, 

 in the province of the Upper Ens ; in the est, part of 

 the same province and of Bohemia border on it ; its north- 

 eastern frontier is skirted by the kingdom of Saxony, and 

 its northern and north- western, by the principalities of 

 Reuss and the states of ducal Saxony; and in the west, 

 it skirts the 1 dominions of Electoral Hesse, Hesse-Darm- 

 stadt, and Baden, until its borders reach the Tauber, at 

 Mergentheim, whence the whole boundary to its south- 

 western point on Lake Constanz is formed by the king- 

 dom of Wiirtemberg. The other portion of the Bavarian 

 dominions, the Territory of the Rhine, which is si- 

 tuated on the west bank of that river, and is completely 

 disjoined from the preceding, by the interposition of the 

 Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt possessions, extends from 

 48" 57' to 49 50' N. lat. and from 7 6' to 8 31' E. long. 

 The French departments of the Lower Rhine and Moselle 

 bound it on the south, and the Rhine separates it from 

 the grand duchy of Baden on the east ; the Rhenish do- 

 minions of Hesse-Darmstadt are its north-eastern neigh- 

 bour ; the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine borders it 

 on the north and south-west : and in the north-west and 

 west it adjoins the domain of Meissenheim, belonging to 

 Hesse-Homburg, and the principality of Lichtenberg. 



Area and Subdivisions. In consequence of the want of 

 official details, considerable difficulty has hitherto attended 

 every attempt to estimate the superficial extent of the 

 Bavarian territory ; some have reduced it to 2s,(lOO square 

 miles, while others have exaggerated it to 37,000; and one 

 writer (Jacobi) to nearly 38,000. The documents, how- 

 ever, which have been lately brought before the Bavarian 

 legislature enable us to submit the following as a correct 

 statement of the total area of the kingdom of Bavaria. We 

 have availed ourselves of this opportunity to add some other 

 details for the purpose of rendering the statement still more 

 comprehensive. 



area of 28,435 square miles is thus distributed ; 

 Arable land . . 8,171,520 acres 



Meadow do. . . 2,325,120 



Vineyard-!, gardens, dwellings, out- 

 buildings, &tc. . . 309,120 

 Woods an-i torots . 5,376,000 

 Waters, rivers, and lakes . 420,080 

 Grazing and other land . . 1,596.560 



18,198,400 



Bavaria is the thirteenth in the list of European Mates 

 with rrirnnl to extent and amount of population, and ranks 

 10 France, but immediat'-h above Austria, with regard 

 .-it \ of population : as appears by Von Zedlitz's com- 

 parative tables. 



.Mi'iintnint. The highlands of Bavaria are offsets from 



two great masses the Alps and Sudete-Hercynian chain. 



To (lie former belongs that portion of tlie N"ric Alps which 



:K;S along the south-east of the circle of the Isar, and 



throws out its arms into that province; the Arlherg moun- 

 tains, which enter the circle of the Upper Danube from the 

 Tyrol and subside in this province ; the Allgau-Alps, which 

 commence near Kempten in the south of the same province, 

 and extending north-eastward, terminate near Mindclheim. 

 The highlands on the north side of the Danube, beginning 

 at the northern part of the kingdom, contain the Spessart 

 mountains, a finely wooded chain, separated from the Odcn- 

 wald by the Main.' They cover an area of 147 square miles, 

 and traverse the circle of the Lower Main from north to 

 south : their highest summits, such as the Engelsherg and 

 --berg, do not exceed 2000 feet in elevation. The 

 Steigerwald, a forest range of inferior altitude, extends south 

 of the Main, along the borders of the circles of the Lower 

 and Upper Main and the Retzat, and affords a picturesque 

 alternation of woods and fruitful valleys. The Rhongcbirge, 

 a bleak and desolate chain of mountains, with flattened 

 summits covered half the year with snow, lie in the circle 

 of the Lower Main, to the north of the river Main. They 



No. 211. 



[THE PENNY CYCLOPEDIA.] 



VOL. IV. H 



