BAY 



M 



' V 



has a seat and rote in the Senate or Council of the King- 

 'if-ruf/ii: uu<l tin- 1'rotestant rloriry arc main- 

 tained by the state at an expense of about 2S.OO'o/. (290,000 

 ;ir. An annual grantof alnmt O.I.OUO/. (1,000,000 

 i ho support of the inferior Roman 



i Lutherans, there arc 



uboui :incd Lutherans in Havana; hut the mem- 



bers of the two persuasions in Rhenish Bavaria came to an 

 nit; in 1818, when the vote of every individual 

 wa taken, and it appeared by the result, that -10,16? wore 

 in favour of the union, and only 539 against it. Sin 



! they have formed one single religious community. 

 imdiT ill" designation of the Protestant Evangelical Chris- 

 < 'Unroll. 1 There are a few Mennonitcs and Ilerrn- 

 buthcrs in the Bavarian States, and since the elevation of 

 the present king's second son to the new throne of Greece, 

 a number of Greeks have taken tip their abode in Munich, 

 they have a separate school for their children, and 

 are allowed the use of one of the churches. The Jo i-\\ 

 p-irtion of the population are mostly settled in tin- Rctzat 

 nirl Lower Main; they enjoy full liberty of conscience, but, 

 under the edict of the loth June, 1813, are not admitted to 

 participate in civil rights and immunities, unless they become 

 naturalized and adopt distinct family names. 



r.ltraH'in. This important department is under the im- 

 mediate superintendence of the ' Superior Board of Kduca- 

 tiMi and I -il Affairs' (Olirr-Srltnl-und-Kirchen- 



rath), attached to the ministry of home affairs, and under 

 the subordinate direction of the several provincial govern- 

 ments, one member of which has particular charge of all 

 matters connected with scholastic institutions. Subordi- 

 nate again to the latter are the inspectors of district and 

 local schools; those for the local schools being in general 

 the ministers and elders of parishes. No child is excused 

 attendance at the schools, except such as have receiv. 

 inissi >n to pursue their studies under private tutors. There 

 are three universities, two Catholic, at Munich and Wiirz- 

 bure, and one Prutcstant at Krlangen ; the two former are 

 attended by about 2200, and the latter by about 400 

 students. These three universities have eicrhty-six pro 

 cs, and between twenty and thirty tutors (tlorpntrn), 

 private lecturers, and others, besides excellent scientific col- 

 lections and auxiliary institutions. Next in rank are the 

 seven lycroa, thirty-four schools of studies, and twenty- 

 one gymnasia, of which Munich and Augsburg have two 

 each : the gymnasia are conducted by seventy-nine pro- 

 s :md 1 17 other teachers. The lycasa are attended by 

 about 700, and the gymnasia by about 3100 pupils. There 

 are also twenty one pro-gymnasia, and sixteen ' preparatory 

 Latin schools' in Munich, Augsburg, Ratisbon, \Viirzburg 

 Landau, Kaiscrslautcrn, &c. ; in the last (the Latin schools] 

 there are about 2300 pupils. The number of elementary, me- 

 chanic*', and Sunday schools exceeds 5000 ; hut we have no 

 return of them of a later date than the year 1821, at which 

 time there were 5008 school-houses, with 7114 masters an< : 

 assistant*, nnd -IS9,iyfi pupils attending them. Bavaria 

 has eight seminaries for the education of teachers, and its 

 lature annually vote* about 3000/. (32,000 florins) for 

 nent of elementary schools, besides about 

 2350/. for the inspectors' expenses, and allowances to re- 

 tired masters. The whole public grant for forwarding 'edu 

 cation and intellectual culture' is 7(>7,811 florins (about 

 73.600/.) The seminaries for cdr.catiiii,' candidates fir cede 

 siastical preferment are seven in number. There are veteri- 

 nary schools at Munich nnd \Viirzburg: a royal aca j . 

 the arts and sciences of nearly -ion members, and another 

 of the fine arts with cizht professors, and an agricultura 

 society, which distributes annual prizes all in Munich; an 

 academy of physics and medicine at AViirzburg, and another 

 of naturalists, as well as n medico-physical economical 

 nt Krlangen : a horticultural society (the Pcgncsian ordei 

 of flower.-) in Nuremberg, whore there are also soeir; 

 the promotion of national industry and the propagation ol 

 Christianity ; a botanical society at Ratisbon ; a school ol 

 the fine arts at Angsbunr, in connexion with the a- 

 in Munich; and mr. T associations of a useful cha- 



racter. The largest public library in Bavaria is the 'Con 

 tral Lihruy' h, which contains upwa 



500,000 volumes, including lfi.000 manuscripts, 400,000 

 pamphlets and diss* and 250,000 distinct 



the ('niver-ity Library, in the tame city, has upwards o 

 1GO,0''0 volumes; that of Wiirzburg, abOTV 30,000; am: 

 that of Erlangen, between 40,000 and 50,000. No printing- 



in he established without the i net ion of 



he kins. Piracy of books, as veil as the sale of pn 

 works, is held to be a inivlemcai. 

 ealer in anliqui; library, pr 



ind head of a lit 

 he control of the local p -lire in ese:\ |o\\ n, 



:u'ht under judicial en 

 he l.ivs, morals or the public safety. 



Cnnttitutinn. Mo-it c,f the elates, of which the kingdom 

 of Bavaria is composed, namely, the former duchy ol Hava- 

 na, the upper Palatinate, the duchy of Neuburg, and the 

 >rincipalitirs of Ansbae-h, Baircuth, B:im! 

 itirg. possessed rep;e-cntati\e constitutions tie 

 consolidation under one head. But t!i 

 erritories had succeeded in rendering these ropi 

 constitutions a dead letter; and in fact, they had 

 n a state of abeyance prev : 



:erms of the constitution promulgated by the late king, 

 Maximilian Joseph, on the 1st of May, 18US. The convul- 

 si-ins which ntly affected the whole nf 1.: 



rendered the constitution of Maximilian Joseph iin 

 with the new order of things : and the same kin;;, ther. 

 on the 26th of May, 1818, granted the Bavarians a new 

 constitution, which defines ami establishes their rights and 

 privileges. Its fundamental principles are con- 



science and freedom of opinion, with the reservation ot 

 provisions against the abuse of either: the right of < 

 native-born subject to be employed in the publ: 

 without exception on account of birth or rank i 

 general liability to personal service in the national del. 

 equality of all before the law; the impartial and uninter- 

 rupted administration of justice: general liability to : 

 and an equitable distribution of them : and a 1 

 elected by all classes of resident citizens, and enjoyin_ 

 right of discussing and approving laws, voting the ] 

 taxes, and requiring the redress nf all infi upon 



the rights reeo<:iiis< d by the constitution. The kingdom of 

 Bavaria, by this charter, is declared a ' sovereign in 

 chical state,' and the legislative power is vested in two cham- 

 bers, conjointly with the king, as head of the state. The 

 succession is limited to the male line, according ; 

 of primogeniture, with a proviso, tint on the extinction of 

 direct heirs male, the next male descendants of the i 

 line shall succeed. No offices of hiizh rank in the or 

 military service, nor any oflicc under the crown or in the 

 church, nor any ecclesiastical benefice, can be 

 upon any individual who is not a native-born citizen or 

 legally naturalized. Feudal bondage is abolished, as In 

 it was previously by the edict of the 3rd of August, 1808. 

 No Bavarian, to use the words of the charter, can 1 

 prived of his natural and recognised judges. All ci. 

 ments for public worship (Kitltim) and education, and fur 

 charitable purposes are placed under the immediate protec- 

 tion of the state. 



The legislature consists of two chambers, namely the Se- 

 nators (ReicluriHhf) and the I) puties. '1 ; - com- 

 posed of the princes of royal blood, who have attained their 



My, the great officers of the crown, -the he 

 houses in the cases of such principalities and carldoi 

 were parts of the Holy Roman Empire, a bishop named 

 by the king, the president of the Protestant Genera! 

 sistory. and lastly, of those individuals, whom the 

 may create member- of the chamber fur lil'c or h 

 1 haiuber of |)c| -is, 1, of such 1 



prietors as exercise judicial powers in right of their propcr- 



ntJirrrlich'- Qfricflttbarkeif), provided they h,.. 

 seat or vote in the upper chamber;- '-', of depute 

 universities: 3, of ecclesiastics representing t'.. 

 Catholic and Protestant churches; 4, ot from 



iid market-towns; and 5, of such landed pivpi 

 as do not come within tin- classes air bed. The 



number of members is in the proportion of oi.e t i ovo. y "000 

 families : of the- i iglith of the whole num- 



ber must bo taken from class ] : one member from each of 

 the three ut one-eighth from class .1 ; one fourth 



from class .| ; and two-fourths of the whole number from 



J, The chamber is re 



when the 1 . and then the members going 



out are re-elidible. The chambers cannot proceed to ih-li- 

 unless two-thirds of the deputies are present : ami 

 both chambers commence nnd cl-o thoii' .; the.' 



same time. All motions re-poeting the public bur: 

 arc, in the first place, brought under the consideration of 



