BAY 





r. A v 



sUte (national domains and forests. public farms, crown 

 m.inufiicliire* of glass, molasses. and porci-lain. as well as 

 lh.- pearl fisheries in tin- I').|MT Mam, Regcn, ami I 

 Dunn ;/. (7. ">.:. (is; llorinsi ; ('nun national royal- 



tic and establishments (mines nnd suit-works, the post- 

 office. lotteries, mint, and tlie profit on the publication of 

 l.a\v and Government Journal') 373.870/. (3,901,252 

 florins); from indirect taxes, such as stamps, toll- 



04/. (9,307,874 florins) : and from direct tuxes. 699, 439/. 

 s.498 florins). Among the items of expenditure are, 

 for the royal household and foreign affairs, 48.560/. (506,705 

 florin*); education and civilization (bildtuig) 73.5SI/. 

 (767,811 Horins); public worship (viz. Roman Catholic, 

 100,269/.,and Protestant, 27. 77.)/.), in all 128,044/.(1,336, 116 

 florins); public safety, 39,675/. (414,000 florins) ; the con- 

 struction i,f highway's, bridges, &c., 118.087/. (1,232,216 

 florins) ; interest and redemption of the national debt, 

 :>jl. (8,193,964 florins) ; civil list, 287.500/. (3,000,000 

 florins) : and army expenses, S46.2JO/. (5,700,000 florins), 

 in Icpondently of the gendarmerie. 



Military Resources. The Conscription Law of the 29th 

 of March, 1812, rendered every male in Bavaria, up to a 

 certain age, with tho exception of ecclesiastics and the sons 

 of noblemen, liable to ths ballot ; but a new law of the 1st 

 of May, 1829, allows e\ci y Ba\ arian to enlist bcfween the 

 ages of eighteen and thirty: and such as have already 

 served six years may contract a fresh engagement in the 

 sen-ice until they reach their fortieth year. Every Bavarian 

 is liable to the Conscription Law after he has completed 

 his twenty -first year: anil from the first of January suc- 

 ceeding the ballot by which he has been drawn, his liability 

 vc in the army, if called upon, continues during the 

 two following years : the exemptions are confined to the only 

 .!' a parent, who has already lost two sons in the service, 

 and the surviving sons of every parent who has lost three 

 sons in a similar manner. The period of service is six 

 years : no Bavarian can settle or marry, or receive any 

 definitive appointment before he has done all that the law 

 rc-|-.:->cs with regard to his liability to bear arms. Certain 

 exemptions are granted in the case of ecclesiastics and 

 students, as well as in the case of sons, without whose aid 

 the subsistence of families would become precarious. 



Bavaria, as a member of the German Confederation, 

 furnishes the largest contingent of any exclusively German 

 state. It forms the seventh corps of the confederate forces, 

 and < .IJ.fiUO men ; namely, 5068 cavalry, 26,215 



infantry, 1380 sharp-.hn 1. T-, and 'Jill !) artillery, pioneers, 

 &c. ; lo which eighteen howitzers, and fifiy-lbur field-pieces 

 an 1 cannon are to be added. The real strength of the army, 

 however, supposing the present scale of Us organization to 

 remain, is now, and would, in the event of a war, be as 

 follows : 



Ponce. W.-ir. 



h comp. \ 

 ery of 8 > SI 



) 



1 

 f 



SIM 3456 



Cavalry . . . 2 n-.'t-. of i > inmits i 



6 ilo. In ( 



Ar'.illfry. . . 2 r'j;t. cadi 2 bntUl.'of 6 con t 



Win* rom|w-UMIt to wrv>- ;i batu-ry 



. 



8 comp. of n)>|KT, 1 uf milieu, I of jiontuon- 1 r - n 

 iiu'ii. .mil lurnrliOoTl . / 



Mi9 BS,-.".'! 



The effective strength of the army, however, as laid down 

 in the details which form the groundwork of the military 

 budget fir the third financial period <ls.3-.> 1837), is o'f 

 a somewhat different character, for they give as 



Mnlly present, Officers and others on ser- 

 vice, including. I Field-Marshal, 2 Generals, 

 I i Licut.-Gcnerals, and 26 Major-Genorals, the 

 civil and medical employes, &c. . . 211!l 



Sub.illern otlicers, engineers, &c. . . -II Oil 



Infantry . . . (i!i!2 



Cavalry ..... 5032 



Artillery, sappers and miners, &c. , . 1470 



it for 1 month only. In all 

 Constantly on Furlough. In all 



19,643 



2 I.'.'.' I 

 17.195 



58,062 



The difference of 2838 men between these numbers and 



which have been given as the full war complement, 



arises from the onn-sion in the last statement .1 (he civil 



and medical cmpbycx, and others, not immediately bearing 



arms. The infanlrv and cavalry form four divisions (head- 

 quarters, Munich, Aui "urg, 

 n-pectively), each of which consists of two brigades, or four 

 regiments of infantry of (he hu 1 of sharp- 

 -ho'iters, a brigade of two reuimcnt* uf cavalry, and two 

 batteries of heavy cannon, nnd one of field-pieces. The 

 artillery, pontoonmen, nnd artificers, as well as iln- i .rps of 

 engineers, sappers, nnd miners, constitute distinct dm 



The Lnndwehr, or militia, is. under the ordinance of the 

 year 1826, composed of all Bavarians, who lm\e n..t 



!y drafted into the ranks of the active army or hatt.dions 

 of reserve, are not under ninetreii or abou- sixty M-ars of 

 ai_'c. and are not noblemen or ecclesiastics. The number is 

 determined In the king according t-i the emergency : but 

 this force has not hitherto been completely 

 though there are staffs and head-quarters appoint 

 circle. On the scale projected it would amount 

 men and upwards, independently of any levies in the 

 Rhenish territory. There is a corps of geiis-d'armc-. 

 consisting of nine companies, one for Munich and m 

 each of the eight circles, and mustering in all about I7ini 

 men. Bavaria has a right to pass by a military road through 

 the territory of Baden, which gives Bavaria direct ace. 

 its dominio'ns on the Rhine. 



The expense of the military establishment for the six 

 years, 1825-6 1830-1, was I i.r in,962 (lorins.which averages 

 6,953,327 florins, or 606, 3G6/. per annum. In ]>.! 4 the 

 moveable property belonging to the Bavarian a run 

 estimated at 979,4157. (10,'J19,9S7 florins), and the immove- 

 able at 350.905/. (3,661,627 florins). The property and 

 funds for the relief of widows nnd orphans, invalids, &c., also 

 amounted at that time to ;iSj,-.'33/. (4,019,S2I florins). 



The fortified places in Bavaria arc Landau, th. 

 of its fortresses, in the' circle of the Rhine : it is also one 

 of the fortresses immediately attached to the German Con- 

 federation ; Passau, on the Danube, in the circle of the 

 Lower Danube; Wiirzburg, in conjunction with the citadel 

 of Marienberg; Ingol>tadl, at the c >r.tluem, ::ilt.T 



and Danube, in the Regen, at this moment in cor 

 construction: and Yoichhcirn, in the circle of the Lower 

 Main, a place of inconsiderable strength. Ba\arn also 

 \eral mountain strongholds, such a= Rosenberg, 

 near Kronach, in the Upper Main : Rothenberg a;;d \\ iil/- 

 burg, in the Retzat : and Wdlihaldsburg, in ;ir Kichstiidt, 

 in the Regen. 



Nobility. The no\>ility of Bavaria form 2407 fami!: 

 whom there are not lOOOjw landed projM-ny : and 



the relative proportion of their property as compared with 

 that of the remaining subjects of tb crown is as one 1.' 

 The registered nobles in is'23 consisted of 1 grand duke, 13 

 princes, 154 counts, 422 barons, and I "38 of inferior rank, 

 using the prefix of Von.' In all cases when: a nobleman 

 (-liters a menial service, or open .'\\\d< a shop or 



warehouse, his title of nobility 1 c iidcd. In civil 



and criminal matters he is exempt from the jurisdiction of 

 local courts of judicature, and none hut .1 noble is entitled to 

 establish a srignorial tribunal of justice : hut he does not 

 enjoy any advantage-;, with ro.-p'.'ct to taxation. 

 pre-eminence, or government appointments, wh, eh are not 

 common to his MloW subjects. The ro\al title is simply 



' , by the Grace of God, King of Bavaria.' The order 



of St. Hubert (111!), with 1 12 member.-, holds the lii-t 

 rank: that of St. George, instituted during the (,'ri: 

 follows next in precedence; the other orders arc, that of 

 Maximilian .Io-eph (1S06), a military, and of the Bavarian 

 crown, a civil order: of St. Michael (1G93), and the order 

 founded liy the present king in 1&27 for the faithful dis- 

 charge of civil or military duties after a service <T lifn v 



Mamtfacturtt. In Barana. as in many oliic-r German 

 states, the profits arising from vast establishments, and the 

 concentration of productive pov. i itively un- 



known; maiiufacturiim industry is ni'.st'v iii1i'u-cd o\er a 

 multiludi: of adventures on a small scale. Ba\aria is aKo 

 'lally an agricultural country, and hcin-o tin deficient 

 supply in many brandies ,,f j| s matmfactures. That of 

 linens, for instance, which is the chief, is i.ot confined to a 

 lew large establishments, but is sratt. red miT I he whole 

 state, nnd in many districts lh- agricultural popnl 

 partly maintain lliem-dves by \u .mng linen. The ma- 

 ,|. my of the articles made arc of the i-oaix-r descriptions; 

 and a large proportion i ro the produce of the 1 



Main (where upwards of 70<IO weavers and IdOO uppreniici-n 

 are employed upon them), and ot the Upper and Lower 



