BAY 



U A V 



imports are principally wine ; cotton, 450,000 Ibs. : coffee. 

 . Migtir, 80.000 r\M. : rice, 8000 cwt. ; tobacco, 

 iicwt. : drills, Ji'UO cut .: sen fish, .V200 cwt. : copper, 

 410 tons; oil. 1 J.i'ixi < t. ; hides and skins, 560,000 \\<-.; 

 hemp and flax, 710 tons; silk and silk . ouo/. ; 



woollens, 93.UOO/. ; lead, 175 tons ; furs, honey, and cheet*. 

 On the whole, the value of the exports is estimated at about 

 3.350.000/., nnd that of the imports at 3.2SO,OU(>/. With 

 respect to the former, the relative-prop rtion of raw native 

 produce exported is said to be about 700.00U/., and of iiianu- 



es, inclu-ivc of salt, l.lill.OUO/. 



History. OUT accounts of the anticnt Celtic Boii are few 

 and of little importance. If tradition, however, is to be cre- 

 dited, thry migrated from Gaul and took possession of the 

 country between the Upper Danube and the Alps, after 

 subduing the native inhabitants, about 600 years before the 

 Christian a-r.i. Shortly before this last epoch the land of the 

 Boii fell under the Roman yoke, anil a considerable portion of 

 the prr-.-nt trrntory uf Bavaria became a constituent part of 

 tin- Roman empire, under the name of Vindelicia, during the 

 irs. In the second century, when the North 

 poured down its barbarians upon the South, there was no 

 country in Germany which felt the pressure more si-. 

 than the land of the Boii ; and its inhabitants were long 

 kept in a stale of wretchedness and slavery by a constant 

 succession of barbarous invaders, till at last, between the 

 middle of the lillh and sixth centuries, the Heruli, Marco- 

 jnanni, Thurinjii, and other tribes, established themselves 

 permanently in Noricunt, which constitutes part of the 

 Bavaria of the present day, adopted the name of Boioarii, 

 and forced the owners of the soil to abandon their native 

 language and customs for those of the German race. The 

 country received the appellation of Boioaria, which has 

 since been corrupted into Baiern and Bavaria. On the dis- 



: m of the Roman empire, Bavaria became a va- 

 the Ostrogothic empire, and, at a later date, of that of the 

 Franks, whose yoke however was so easy that the people 

 were permitted to elect their own dukes out of the patri- 

 'ian line of the Agilolfingers. These princes, whose s\i ay 

 1 for more than 250 years, were so little dependent 

 upon their foreign masters, Uiat they exercised every prero- 

 gative of sovereignty except t'uo right of making laws and 

 alienating lands, which were acts that required the sanction 

 of a body of legislators, consisting of priests, conn!-, j 

 and elders of the people. Thassilo, the last duke of the 

 Agilolfingian line, was, in the year 783, compelled to submit 

 in Charlemagne after an obstinate resistance, nnd was con- 

 demned to death at the assembly of May in that year, but was 

 subsequently pardoned and shut up in a monastery. From 

 this time, which was at the close of the eighth century, 

 the kings of the Franks and Germans governed the country 

 by their lieutenants, who were dukes or counts taken from 

 various families. In 1070 it passed, by imperial grant, into 

 the possession of the Guelphs ; and in 11 80, upon the ex- 

 pulsion of Henry the Lion, Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, 

 it was transferred by the Emperor Frederic to Otho, Count 

 ul' Wittelsbach, a native prince, from whom the | 

 king U descended. One of the most important acqui- 

 sitions subsequently made was that of the earldom of the 

 Rhenish Palatinate, with which the Emperor Frederic III. 

 led this family in l-'lfi. Their dominions were after- 

 wards divided between contending relatives at various times, 

 until the dukedom of Bavaria was fullv severed from the 

 Upper and Rhenish 1'alatinates in 1329. Several other par- 

 titions en-ued. In I. 'ill 7 the right of primogeniture in the 

 royal family was introduced, and finally received as the law 

 of the land in 1573. The treaty of Westphalia not only re- 

 sed the title of the Bavarian princes to the Upper 

 mate, of which they had re-possessed themselves iu 

 16-J1, but confirmed them in the electoral dignity, to which 

 they had 1 aperor of Germany in lii'J.l. 



Upon the extinction of the direct AY'ittelSach line in the 

 person of Maximihr.n Joseph 111. in 1 777, the Elector Pala- 

 tine, Charles Theodore, succeeded to the sovereignty, and 

 1 the districts of the Inn, containing an area of 8-JO 

 square miles, to Austria; but by adding his patrimonial 

 possession* (the Palatinate, and the duchies of Juliers and 

 Berg) to the Bavarian territory, he increasr I ,K M ip 



t to upwards of 21,000 square miles, nnd its popula- 

 tion to -J. : tions the trc 

 Luneville in 1101 added the lands on the left bank oi the 

 Rhine ; but the re-settlement of Germany, tw< 



, deprived Uivaiu of the palatinate on the right bank, 



to the extent of nl l it transferred 



to it in exchange hiding tin 



bishoprics of An. " irg, and ! 



sincen, parts of t :i>l IVsan. 



The treaty of Pre%>huri:, which r. the 



rank of a kingdom in 1 >iU>, transferred certain possessions 

 of Austria to the Bavarian "r.>vvii, among win. h were several 

 distric's in Svvabia, the T\r !. :ind 



Trent, as well as the cities of Augsbm I The 



additions thus made were about i-.MMl M|O. iVom 



which, how r .ctionofal -fur 



the abandonment of the Wiirzburii ten 



All these changes and accessions inc.-casi-d the :r. 

 Bavaria, in 1806, to nearly ;tl.:>00 square mile's. 1: 

 same year, Bavaria relinquished the duchy nf Berg it: 

 change for the margraviate nf An-bach. be.- mber 



of the Rhenish i 'ion, and received the en 



Nuremberg, and the sovereignty over the media 

 lories of several former princes of the erapu 

 sation for the cession of some inconsiderable <'. 

 Wiirtrmbcrg. By the treaty of Vienna in 1800, the Bava- 

 rian dominions attained the greatest extent of ten 

 which they ever possessed. One of the consequences of 

 this treaty was, that, upon giving up the soMth of the Tyrol 

 to the Italian crown, and certain domains to Wiirtcm- 

 berg and Wiirzburg, Bavaria acquired nearly the whole 

 of Salzburg, Bcrchtogaden, the . l I Inn, 



and part of that of the Hausruck, Baireuth. and R.iti- 

 by winch exchange her \i osM'ssions were increased to about 

 35,700 square miles. In conformity with the treaty oi 

 in 1812, the settlement with Austria on the 1 9th June, 181-1, 

 and the negotiations concluded with the same power on the 

 14th of April, 1816, Bavaria restored to Austria the Tyrol. 

 Vorarlberg, the districts of the Inn and Hausruck. 

 those portions of Salzburg which lie to the east of the 

 Salzach and Saale. Bavaria received in return Wiirzburg, 

 and certain parts of Fulda, of the grand duchy ! ' 

 Baden, and of the territories of the old palatinate, Spin - 

 (formerly constituting portions of the French departments of 

 Donnersberg, Saar, and the Lower Rhine.) 



The following nobles have seignorial domains within 

 the Bavarian dominions, extending over an area of about 

 1500 square miles: The Princes of Eich-tlidt. Schwarzcn- 

 berg, Fuirger-Babenhauspn, Leiuingen-Amorbach. 1J 

 stci n- Rosenberg, l.ovvcnstcin-Freuiiciiherir, Ottingen-Ot- 

 tingen, Ottingen-Wallerstein, Hohenlohc, Schil 

 Tliurn-nnd-Taxis, and Estcrhazy, besides thirteen oog 



The first King of Bavaria was Maximilian Joseph, who 

 assumed the royal dignity on the 1st of January, 1806, and 

 was succeeded by his son Lewis Charles Augustus I., the 

 present king, on the 13th of October, 1 



(Rudhardt's State nf thr Kininlom f Humi-iii. from 

 <>J)ii-ial miirrrx : Liechtenstern's Uist<-nj utxl S/.i/i^/i 



/it ; Von St. Behlen's History, Statistic*, XT., nf thi- 

 Kingdom i if liavaria : Von Behlnben'l llururiii : < 

 merer; Hassel ; Stein; Hijrsehelmunn ; Malcluis ; 

 enrieder : Eiscnmann, &c.) 



BAVAY, a small town in the department of Nord, in 

 France, between Valenciennes and Maubcuge, 134 . 

 N.E. of Paris, through St. Quentin and Landrecies, 6 

 N. lat., r-17'E. long. 



This place, though now decayed, was once of considerable 

 importance: and, under the name Bagncuni. was the chief 

 town of the Nervii, one of the nations of Gaul, who made an 

 obstinate resistance to the Romans under Julius Ciwir. I:- 

 importance is testilied by the fact, that the Romans brought 

 water to it across the valley of the Sanibro by means ol nn 

 aqueduct, from springs in the village of Florcsies, distant 10 

 or 1 1 miles. Bavay is at the junr \\ays 



which traversed the surrounding country: tin-. 

 respectively from Bagacum to Turnacum (Tournav i, i 

 maracum (Carnbray), to Uurocortum or Remi (Reims), nnd 

 l-i AtuatucaorTunjiri (Toni;res): another road, known under 

 the title of the Chatusec df Urnnrhant (because repaired 

 by Brunehaut, queen of Austrasia), allbrded a communica- 

 tion from Bagacum to the road frcm Samarobnva (Amiens*, 

 to Autfiista Veromandiiorum (St. (Quentin) : and a sixth led 

 from 1! iiracum, in the direction of Mons and Antwerp. In 

 /i. .^fi't/iiilii/iii; a seventh road is mentioned, 

 leadi:; ;sto Trevirorum, or Troves, but D'Anville 



^ice this, nor is it marked in his map: though 

 \istence of a seventh r. to be implied 1. 



seven laces of the stone mentioned below, Bagacum lost 



