B A X 



BAY 



Johnson afterward* applied to Goldsmith : ' lie hns rul- 



ind I' Kane Harrow 

 : I, and 



,ifft / hit 



. which was publi-di- lurao 



l*Jh (1696) by bis miimai. uhew 



.slider iho title /. i 



. 1 that review of his i s written in 



the latter part of his life, which ( peaks of as one of 



the most remarkable pieces of writing that have conic down 



;,hia L'tcrtiriii.) Calamy's 



Lift qf Rafter is a kind of abridgment of this work, which 

 abounds in notices of the men, the I. . the. habits, 



and the opinions of the stirring period in which lie lived. 



There are a few poems by Baxter, not long ago published 

 in a small volume. His li'urtil r>f > l>ecn lately 



reprii 



BAXTERIANS, a name which is applied to those who 

 adopt the tbeoloj m of Richard Haxter. The name 



v almost extinct; but Baxterianism is still the resting 

 place of many who do not approve of the extreme.-, of Cal- 

 vinism. The Baxterians hardly ever attained the rank of 

 irate denomination, even when they were most nume- 

 rous ; and they are now completely scattered among different 

 .iiinions. Their writing am mod popular among (be 

 orthodox dissenters. 



Baxterianism occupies a sort of middle place between 

 Arminianism and Calvinism. It is not correct to say, that 

 it reconciles the two schemes. It only connects them by 

 showing that portions from each maybe made to harmonize 

 with each other. Hence it would be more properly described 

 as a system of theology framed out of the systems of Calvin 

 and Arminius, and bee.imiu:; it-olt' the point of union be- 

 tween them. Its chief merit is supposed to consist in the 

 amalgamation of the Arrainian doctrine of free grace with 

 the Calvinistic doctrine of election. The Baxterians profess 

 to believe that a certain number, determined upon in the 

 divine counsels, are elected to salvation without respect to 

 their good works. To this extent they receive the doctrine 

 of effectual calling. But to make their view of the opera- 

 tion and comprehensiveness of divine favour complete, they 

 contend tlrat all to whom the gospel is preached are placed 

 in a condition for securing their own salvation. Hence they 

 think with Calvin that Christ died in a special manner for 

 the elect : and, in a more j_ DM, for all others who 



come within the light of the gospel. The Calvinistic tenet 

 of reprobation forms no part of their system. 



The grounds on which Baxter contended that the death 

 of Christ put all men in a state of salvation are briefly these : 

 1st, Because Christ assumed the human nature and bore 

 the sins of the human race ; 2dly, Becau-e pardon and life 

 were offered to all mankind on condition of acceptance, 

 ' Whosoever believeth shall be saved ;' and, 3dly, 1! 

 it is not to the elect alone, but to all men, that the benefits 

 of the go>pel are proclaimed. 



The arguments by which the learned divines of this school 

 prove the elect to have a superior interest in the death of 

 t over the non-elect, are deeply tinctured with that 

 metaphysical subtlety of which Bishop Burnet complains 

 as the great blemish of Baxter's writings. The hypothesis, 

 in a few words, may be thus stated : that Chri-t has made 

 n conditional gift of the ! .-ruing from his death 



to all mankind ; but to the elect the gift is absolute and 

 irreversible; from which ho draws the inference that, not- 

 withstanding tl. possession of these adv;n 



decreed to the few, yet conditionally the benefit was 

 extended to all. 



The Baxteriuns arc greatly opposed to Antinomianism. 

 Faith without works they hold to be an unscriptural and 

 rous tenet. Several of the minor doctrines of Cal- 

 vinism are adopted in a mixlified sense, among which may 

 be nil istiflcation and thepei-' if tbe saints, 



They \ ot perseverance, but incline to 



:i that it tnay be lost by too weak a degree of 



In ;orian deviations from the system of Calvin 



!ed leaning to more comprehen 



B.ixtcr w-as himself irrciwing of tin- 



of salvation, ai"i i to remove every ap; 



exclu.niveness in the o|H-ration of divine favour fr in the 

 system which ho took such pains to adjust and ; 

 The most eminent divines who have embraced these o] 



since the death of their author ore Watts and Doddridge 

 men who have both il! , their works and lives the 



candid and amiable spirit of the school to which they be- 



- Abriilgmrnt nf .)fr. Iin.rlfr't Ilittory qf hit 

 IJfg and Timei, -jml edit. 1713. A second volume contains 

 an account of other ministers deprived or silci,, 

 Act of 1662. In \7'2~ two volumes of I'ontinuutinn 

 published. Baxter's Catholic Theology ; Buck's Theolo- 

 Dietionary.) 



HAY (1,'ihiti, Portuguese, Spanish; baia, Italian ; bate. 

 French ; metrbiufn, German), is a portion of the sea, of 

 such a form that it is wider at the part nearest the open 

 sea, and narrower the farther it advances into the main 

 land. According to this definition the term is rightly np- 

 plieil to the H.i- . the Bay of Bengal, < 



Hay, and Botany Hay : but sometimes it is i. 



nn gulf would seem to be more appropriate. This 

 latter term properly implies an arm of the sea, which, with- 

 out any or with only liltle diminution in breadth, enters 

 very deeply into the main land, as the Gulf of Botln 

 the Gulf oi' Finland. Smaller portions of the sea of this 

 description are called, in Scotland, firths, and in Norway, 

 where they are very numerous, fiords, in I 

 .Wording to this definition we should not say Hallin 

 but Baffin's Gulf. To introduce'greater precision int 

 graphy, it would still be ne<v-ar\ in distinguish both bays 

 and gulfs from cfase Sfas, by which we understand extensive 

 of the sea, enclosed on every side with land, and 

 united with the ocean only by straits or i: 

 the Mediterranean or the Baltic Sea and the Hod Sea. But 

 here, too, the common practice is not exact. We say Hud- 

 son's Bay where we should use the term IIu i, and 

 the same observation holds good for the Gulf of M 

 which as well deserves the name of sea as the Caribbean 

 Sea. Sometimes also close seas have received the name of 

 gulfs, as the 1'ersian Gulf. 



BAY SALT. [See SALT.] 



HAY TREK. [See LAURUS.] 



BAYADEER (said to be a corruption of Baflodeira, a 

 Portuguese word, which signifies a dancing woman), a 

 name given to the regularly bred dancing girls in India, who 

 are also the regular prostitutes. Certain women make it 

 their busin I the handsomest girls they can find 



amon<: the children of rtie lowest class of people ; and, 

 after having secured their beauty from the ravages of the 

 small-pox by inoculation, carefully instruct them in danciivj, 

 singing, and the acting of small i . ith the liltl 



and manners which form the accomplished bayadeer. The 

 ii of training commences at the 

 , and continues two or three years. From the end of 

 this training to the ago of seventeen is the professional life 

 of a bayadeer. Towards its termination, their per 

 attractions being considered on the wane, they find it i 

 dient to transfer them to the more contracted 

 the temples. Some are devoted, under a vow of tin 

 rents, to the service of the temples from their birth. They 

 are brought up in the usual aceomp]ishm"nls. and tl.c 



of their exertions and their infamy enter the 

 Miry of the temple with which r -,-d. 



Thc-c girls a:v j!>'iicrully inlrodived to any party that 

 requires their attendance, ese,,Med by a hand of inu-j. 

 A native baud consists of instrn: 

 and others like clarionets, with cymbals and kcttlc-d 

 which altogether produce a very wild, but not an Ul 

 and a somewhat mel.incholy harmony. The women dame 

 and sing ; and when one is desired to d 

 ornaments of her feet, which consist of silver chains, which 

 she fastens on her ankles. Then, rising from the ground, 

 she arranges her dre.-., v, hich u'onoralh e .n-i-N of all 

 hundred yards of liizht muslin, which terminates in innu- 

 !e. folds at a! 



which covers part of the hiad.e : .and 



falls in folds over the )i:-llieo;it. The hair i* seldom , 



.1. but is p-iried in tl e . n hy 



I an unpb I 



bunch of p 11 like a cluster .,nd ; , ring 



! from one of the no-Mi!-, through winch it is 



1. The ornament*, however, ore i more and 



1 ..an this. 



The daticini: rutisi-ts in a certain m.'lhodical kicki: 

 . : it foot, which causes the chains on the ankles to p 



