BAY 



73 



BAY 



iion to his appointment. The only record of it which we havi 

 is in the Council Register, where, under date 28th Novem- 

 ber 1 722, there is this entry : 



' Mr. Alexander Bayne having represented how much i 

 would be for the interest of the nation and of this city, to 

 have a professor of the law of Scotland placed in the uni- 

 versity of this city, not only for teaching the Scots law bu 

 also for qualifying of writers to his Majesty's signet ; am 

 being fully apprised of the fitness and qualifications of Mr 

 Alexander Bayne of Rires, advocate, to discharge such a 

 province therefore the council elect him to be professor 

 of the law of Scotland in the university of this city, for 

 teaching the Scots law and qualifying writers to his Majesty's 

 signet.' (Bower's Hist, ut supra.) We have not been able 

 distinctly to ascertain the estimation in which Bayne was 

 held by his learned compeers, any more than the true source 

 of the neglect with which his little works on the law have 

 been hitherto regarded : but only a year elapsed when his 

 despised chair began to work a change on the course of ex- 

 amination for the bar, and on the system of legal study. In 

 January, 172-1, Mr. Duudas of Arniston, D.F., proposed to 

 the faculty, that all Intrants should, previous to their ad- 

 mission, undergo a trial, not only in the civil law, as hereto- 

 fore, but also in the municipal law of Scotland (Foe. Rec.) ; 

 and though this was long resisted, it was at length deter- 

 mined by Act of Sederunt, 28th February, 1750. We ap- 

 prehend it is to Bayne, also, we ought to concede the im- 

 pulse given at this time to investigate the sources of the 

 Scottish antient common law. 



In the beginning of 1726, the usual period of remaining 

 senior curator of the advocates' library having expired, 

 Bayne retired from the office, and the same year he pub- 

 lished the first edition of Sir Thomas Hope's Minor Prac- 

 ticki a work which, though delivered by the author to his 

 son orally, it is said, at his morning's toilet, is remarkable 

 for its legal learning, the breadth and boldness of its views, 

 the acutcness of its observations, and the subtlety of its 

 distinctions, but which had lain near a century in MS. 

 To this work Bayne now added a Discourse on the Rite 

 and Progress of the Law of Scotland, and the Method of 

 studying it. In 1731 he pub'ished a small volume of Notes, 

 for the use of the students of the municipal law in the Uni- 

 versity of Edinburgh. These Notes were framed out of the 

 lectures delivered from the chair, and impress us with a 

 very favourable opinion of the author's acquaintance not 

 only with the Roman jurisprudence, but also with the antient 

 common law. About the same time be published another 

 small volume, which he entitled Institutions of the Criminal 

 Law of Scotland, for the use of his students. The author 

 of such works, distinguished for their modesty not less than 

 for their learning, could not but exercise a salutary influence 

 on the youth by whom he was surrounded ; and his career, 

 though short, was sufficient to prove his talent and dili- 

 gence, and to make his chair an object of no inconsiderable 

 ambition. 



In June, 1737, Bayne's death was intimated to the faculty 

 by the magistrates of Edinburgh (Fac. Rec.) ; and in the 

 following month a leet of two advocates (Mr. Erskine and 

 Mr. Balibur) was delivered by the faculty to the magistrates 

 or their election of a successor. 



Bayne married Mary, a younger daughter of Anne, only 

 surviving child of Sir William Bruce of Kinross, by her 

 second husband. Sir John Carstairs of Kilconquhar, and by 

 her he had three sons and two daughters. 

 BAYONET. [See ARMS.] 



B A YO'NNE, a considerable town in the south of France, 

 in the departments of Basses Pyrenees (Lower Pyrenees) 

 and Landes, 43 30' N. lat., 1 30' W. long. It is 531 miles 

 S.S.VV. of Paris, through Orleans, Chateauroux, Limoges, 

 Bordeaux, and Mont-de- Marsan. There is an old road 

 from Bordeaux to Bayonne more direct than that through 

 Mont de Marsan, by which a considerable distance may be 

 i. This road leads through the pine forests of the 

 Landes ; but the deep sandy soil renders travelling very 

 incommodious, which is probably the cause why this route 

 has been laid aside for one more circuitous but more con- 

 venient. 



Bayonne is a town of considerable trade, for which it is 

 favourably situated, being at the junction of two navigable 

 rivers, the Adour and the Nive, whose united streams fall 

 into the Bay of Biscay two or three miles below Bayonne. 

 By these two rivers Bayonne is divided into three parts. 

 That part situated on the left, or south-west bank of the 



Nive, is called Great Bayonne, that between the two rivers 

 is called Little Bayonne, and that on the north or right 

 bank of the Adour is called the suburb of St. Esprit (i.e. of 

 the Holy Ghost.) The latter is in the department of Landes, 

 the two former in that of Basses Pyrenees. The entrance 

 of the port is narrow, and a very dangerous bar crosses it, 

 on which, in westerly winds, there is a violent surf. The 

 harbour is however safe, the bar affording it 'shelter sea- 

 ward, and it is well frequented. The name Bayonne is a 

 compound of two Basque words, ' Baia' and ' Ona,' signi- 

 fying good bay or good port, and indicates the estimation in 

 which the harbour was formerly held. 



Bayonne is fortified, and is in the first class of strong 

 places. Each part of it is surrounded on the land side by 

 an ancient wall, outside of which are the modern works. 

 Great Bayonne has a castle flanked by four round towers, 

 called the Old Castle ; Little Bayonne has the New Castls, 

 flanked by four bastions ; and adjoining to the suburb St. 

 Esprit is a citadel, the work of Vauban, which has been 

 itrengthened by works recently added. 



Bayonne is a handsome place. The houses are well built 

 of stone, the streets are wide, and the places (open spaces) 

 adorned with good buildings. The different parts of the 

 town communicate by several bridges, two over the Nive, 

 and one handsome wooden bridge over the Adour. The 

 numerous vessels, large and small, by which the rivers are 

 covered, give animation to the scene. The public prome- 

 nade is also very beautiful. Of the public buildings the 

 Cathedral of Notre Dame may be mentioned, although there 

 is nothing in its architecture which caUs for particular 

 notice. The Mint is also one of the principal edifices in 

 Bayonne. The town has a school of navigation and also a 

 theatre. 



The manufactures of Bayonne are not important ; that of 

 'lass bottles is the chief. The town is famous for hams, 

 Tor the liqueur which bears the name of the village of 

 Andaye, and for chocolate. In the preparation of the liqueur 

 Sayonne is considered to rival Andaye itself. Shipbuilding 

 s carried on with advantage, as the neighbourhood supplies 

 he materials. The trade of the town is very considerable ; 

 drugs, wines (those of the neighbourhood are accounted 

 excellent), brandies, and fir timber, are among its exports; 

 also masts, which are floated down from the forests of the 

 J yrenees by the Nive and Adour, or their branches, and 

 sent to Brest and other ports. Of the imports Spanish 

 wool is the principal ; the quantity brought in yearly is 

 aid to be about 20,000 bales. Bullion is also brought in 

 rom Spain. The coasting trade employs the greater part 

 )f the vessels which enter or leave the port of Bayonne ; 

 a few ships are engaged in the cod fishery, but there is no 

 rade with the French colonies. The population of the 

 own, in 1832, was as follows : 



Bayonne town 13,008 whole commune 14,773 

 St. Esprit . 4,108 5,895 



Together .. 17,116 ,, 20,668 



When Expilly published his Dictionnaire des Gaules 

 in 1762), above half the population of St. Esprit were 

 "ews, viz. 3500 out of 5800. 



Before the Revolution Bayonne had only one parish 

 hurch, the cathedral ; for though there was in the suburb 

 f St. Esprit a collegiate church, it was not parochial, as 

 he suburb was in the parish of St. Etienne, the church of 



which is at some distance to the northward. There were in 

 3reat and Little Bayonne eight religious houses (of which 

 hree were for females), and in St. Esprit a Commandery 

 f the Order of Malta, and a convent of Ursuline nuns. 



An abbey of Cistertian nuns was situated without the walls 

 f that suburb. 



Bayonne is the capital of an arrondissement, corapre- 

 lending 491 square miles, or 314,2-10 acres, and containing, 

 n 1 832, a population of 78,4 11. It is also the see of a bishop, 



whose diocese includes the department of Basses Pyrenees, 



and who is a suffragan of the Archbishop of Auch. 



D'Anville considers Bayonne to be the Lapurdum men- 

 ioned in the Notitia Imperil ; but the correctness of his 

 pinion is disputed or doubted by some. The origin of the 

 ee cannot be traced higher than the tenth century. The 

 jishops of Bayonne bore the title Episcopi Lapurdenses, 

 iut this title, it is contended, only implies that they were 

 >ishops of the territory of Labour. Their diocese included 

 ome parts of Spain, but they were severed from it by the 

 ope at the instigation of Philip II., King of Spain, in the 



NO. 214. 



[THE PENNY CYCLOPAEDIA.] 



VOL.IV.-L 



