B E A 



B E A 



the laws and tribunal*, of the religion of the country and 



its minister!, of the various classes of society ami their ro- 



|H'ciivi' right*, ami the ruinlitinn of the allies and subjects 



ot Koine. Tin- w. r',i mot with proal approbation, and main- 



1 its ground as one of th best works upon the Roman 



repnK 'iihr's Hittory of Rome, which, 



.IT. was left unfinishiil by the author. Auger's work, 



nxfilntina de Rome, and Adrien 

 ;<nirrrnfintnt de la Rlfiublique Romain?, 3 vols. 8vo. 

 Hamburg, 1796, are perhaps the only works written in the 

 last rentury that deserve to be mentioned together with 

 Beaufort's. !! An>te also Hittoire de Qerm<iniru*, 12mo. 

 1711, which he dedicatiil to the Landgrave of Hesse Horn- 

 bun;. Beaufort was a member of the Royal Society of 

 J-ondon. He ilied at Maestricht in 1795. 



BEAUGENCY, a town in France, in the department of 

 Loiret, on the road from Paris through Orleans to Blois 

 and Tours, eighty-six miles 8.S.W. of Paris and fourteen 

 or fifteen miles S.W. of Orleans, in 47 47' N. lat., and 

 1 36' E. long, from Greenwich. It is situated at the foot 

 of a hill on the rijrht or N.W. bank of the Loire, over 

 which is an tintient bridge of twenty-two arches, according 

 to. the older authorities (Piganiol de la Force, Expiliy, 

 J-:ncycIoj>edif Methndique), or of thirty-nine, according to 

 the last edition of Malte Brun's Gtographie Universelle, 

 Paris, 1S3-2. This bridge is divided into two parts by :m 

 island in the centre of the river. The town contains the 

 remains of an old castle, the antiquity of which some would 

 rarry up to the time of the Gauls; it has been ruined by 

 time and by tho various sieves which the town has sus- 

 tained. Before the Revolution there was a chapter of the 

 regular cunons of St. Augustin, the successors of a much 

 larger number of religious of that order, who were esta- 

 blished here in former days. The monastery in which they 

 lived was destroyed by the Calvinists in the civil war of the 

 sixteenth century ; and though a part of the building was 

 repaired, the establishment seems never to have recovered 

 its greatness. There are two hospitals for the children and 

 tin- aged among the poor. 



The manufactures of the town consist of leather, woollen 

 stuffs, and hats ; there are some distilleries, and several mills 

 for the supply of the town and neighbourhood with Hour. 

 A considerable trade is carried on in wine (which is ol 

 superior quality), brandy, corn, and the goods manufactured 

 in the place. " The population, in 1832, was 4182 for the 

 town, and 4883 for the whole commune. At Beaugency 

 are quarries of a calcareous freestone, which has been used 

 for the foundation of the cathedral of Orleans, and that ol 

 the bridges of Orleans and Tours. 



Two councils were held in this town : at the latter of 

 these the marriage between Louis VII. (te Jeune) and his 

 queen, Eleanor of Guienne, was annulled on the plea of 

 relationship: her subsequent marriage with the Count of 

 Anjou, afterwards Henry II. of England, added largely to 

 the possessions of the English kings in France, (l)ictinn- 

 tmir? l.'iiivertel de la Franc?: Expiliy 's Dictionnui 



. ft tie- In Fr.ince.) 



BEAUHARNOI8, EUGE'NE. son of Viscount Alex- 

 andre Beauharnois, was born in September, 1780, and re 

 ; Ins early education at the College <>! Si. (leimain-cn- 

 Ilis father was a member of the National Assembly, 

 in which he embraced the popular side, and afterwards 

 with distinction in the- army of the Rhine, in 17!'J. He was, 

 however, accused by the Jacobins, taken before the revolu- 

 tionary tribunal, condemned, and beheaded, in July, 17'JI. 

 when he was only thirty-four years of age. His widow 

 hine married, in 17 '.iii. Napoleon Bonaparte, who treated 

 her children, Eugene and Hortense, as il 1 they had been his 

 own. Eugene accompanied Bonaparte to Italy, and after- 

 . in 1 7!M. to Kgypt, where he acted as his aide-de-camp. 

 After Bonaparte became fir-t consul, Kugcno was made chcf- 

 .dron m the Consular Guards, in which capacity he was 

 ;it at the battle of Marcngo. In 1801 he was 



of the Guards. When Bo- 

 Kr.gene v ' a prince of 



ii.">, on being appointed viceroy of 

 :' Italy, which comp 



ami the,:. ' .pal proviti- s. he fixed his re- 



was adopted by Napoleon in .Tallinn- , 

 -oon after married An .'\i-ta Amelia, dan;.-; 



.,en war broke out again be- 

 'ia and Franco, Eugene took the comi 

 Trench and Italian army on tins frontiers towards Carinthia, 



but ho was obliged to retire before the superior force* of the 

 archduke John, and, after sustaining considerable loss from 

 the Austrian* at the b lc ..n the i IMT l.nciua, he 



withdrew to the banks of the Ad. j ; lein- 



forcementi. Upon tin nan army 



in Germany, the archduke marched 1 

 of Vienna, and MTBS closely followed 1 A I attic 



took place between the two arm if* near thu river 1'iave, 

 where the Austrian! were worsted, and obliged to hasten 

 their retreat. Eugene followed them through C'annlhia 

 andStyria, and on the-J7ih of May made his junction with 

 Napoleon's grand army at Eberidorf, near \ K-nn.i. Ho 

 wo* thence sent into Hungary to cluck the using rn mattt 

 of the people of that country. On the I lili of June he 

 defeated the archduke John at Raab in Hni 



The battle of Wagraui in July following put an end to tho 

 war. After the peace of \ i, urncd to Milan, 



from whence he repaired to Paris in Dei ember, : 

 present at the declaration of divorce between his mother 

 and Napoleon. He made a speech to the senate, in winch 

 he dwelt on the dutvof obedience to the will nf the em- 

 peror, to whom he and his family were under great obliga- 

 tions. In 1812, he joined Napoleon in the campat. 

 Russia with part of the Italian army, during which 

 vice he took the command of the fourth corps of the grand 

 army, and was engaged at the battles of Molu.ow and 

 of the Moskwa. In the disastrous retreat from M< s- 

 ngenc succeeded in keeping together the remnants 

 of his own corps, and maintaining some order and disci- 

 pline among them; and after Napoleon and Mural had 

 left the army, he took the cciniinand of the whole. At 

 Magdeburg he collected the relics of the yarn. us corps : and 

 on the 2nd of May, at the bailie of I.utzen, he commanded 

 the left of the new army which Napoleon had raised. Soon 

 after he returned to Milan to raise new conscriptions to re- 

 place the soldiers who had perished in Russia, and to make 

 every effort to defend Italy against the threatened attack of 

 Austria. Three levies of 15,000 conscripts each were or- 

 dered in the course of one year, in the kingdom of Italy 

 alone: but the people were tired of war, and il was found 

 difficult to collect the men. Tho news of the battle of 

 Leipzig added to the general discontent: and at the end of 

 October, IS 13, tho Austrian army entered the Venetian 

 territory, when Eugene was obliged to retreat to the Piave, 

 and, after some sharp lighting, to fall back on the Adige. 

 In March, 1 814, being attacked by the Austrian* on ono 

 side, and by Murat at the head of the Neapolitan army 

 on the other, ho withdrew to the Mincio, and removed his 

 family and property from Milan to the fortress of Mantua, 

 On the ictu of April, Eugene and Marshal 1' 

 the Austrian commander, signed the convention of Scbia- 

 riuo-Rizzino, by which hostilities were suspended, the 

 French troops remaining in Italy were sent a.vay, and 

 Venice, Legnago, and other fortieses, were delivered up 

 to Austria. Napoleon's kingdom of Italy was now i 

 end, and Napoleon himself had abdicated the crown of 

 France. Some endeavours were made by Eugene's friends 

 to obtain his nomination as king of I.ombardr, but a 

 strong party at Milan violently opposed it, and an insur- 

 i tivik place in that city, in which 1'rina, one ofPrmca 

 ne's ministers, was murdered by the people. I'pon 

 (his, Eugene ga\e up Mantua to the Austrian*, and returned 

 with his family to Bavaria. 



As viceroy of the kingdom of Italy, Eugene was person- 

 ally liked by the people and by the army, for his frank 

 hearing and affable temper, and his humane disposition. 

 Entirely devoted to Napoleon, he implicitly obeyed and en- 

 forced his often harsh decrees, although he occasionally en- 

 deavoured to obtain some mitigation of them, lledisp 

 activity and regularity in the details of administration ; 

 hisvii, i w, is splendid, but he was frugal in bis 



own expenditure. Some of the per-ons by wh"in he win 

 surrounded is of popular aversion, and thus oc- 



casioned an unfavourable feeling toward- go- 



vernment, lie was also accused of having, in s 1110 lit 

 of ill-humour dir for- 



tunes, used harsh ami ~ to the II 



around him, men who had devoted their lives to Ins 

 and iiis stepfather's service, who had f night the battles of 

 thu French empire, and who were now deeply stun 

 Ins unmerited reproach. '!'!.,-. limits may have contri- 

 buted to the revulsion of feeling that inuniftMted itself at 

 Milan in 1814. 



