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rupees (200.000J.) The tract thus guaranteed to the raja 

 of Sattara is bounded on the west by the western Ghau 

 mountains, on the south by the Kistna and Warna river 

 on the north by the rivers Neera and Beema, and on th 

 east by the territory of the Nizam. [See SATTARA.] 



The remainder of the province, which is attached to th 

 presidency of Bombay, is distinguished in the revenue re 

 cords of the East India Company as the district of Danvar 

 (Rennell's Memoir of a Map of Hindustan ; Mill's His 

 tory of British India ; Appendix to Report of Commit te 

 of the House of Commons on the Affairs of India, politica 

 section, 1832.) 



BEJAPORE, or VIZIAPORE (Vijayapura, signify 

 ing in Sanscrit the victorious or triumphant city), was th 

 antient capital of the province of Bejapore. It stands in 16 

 48' N. lat., and 75 46' E. long., and is now the capital o 

 the district of Bejapore. 



The fortifications, which formed the outworks of Bejapore 

 are said to have been of such extent, that 15,000 cavalry 

 might have encamped between them and the wall of the city 

 The citadel, or inner fort, contained the king's palace, the 

 houses of the chief people, and large magazines. The grea 

 extent of Bejapore is still evident from the quantity of ruins 

 in all directions, but the assertion of the natives, that in the 

 time of its prosperity it contained 984,000 houses, is doubt- 

 less a great exaggeration. Many of the dwellings occupied 

 very considerable space, and had extensive gardens attache! 

 to them. That the population of the city, however, was once 

 considerable, is evident from the great number of cupolas, 

 spires, and minarets, still distinguishable among the ruins 

 The wall of the outer fort measures eight miles in circuit, ant] 

 has seven gates, the Mecca, Shahpore, Bhamanee, Padsha- 

 pore, Allahpore, and Futteh gates ; the other gate, which is 

 shut up, is not at present known by any particular name. 

 When the province came under the dominion of the English 

 in 1818, there were guns still mounted on the walls. 



There is still a considerable number of buildings in the 

 inner fort, or city, which contains a regular street three 

 miles long, and fifty feet wide ; it is paved, and has many 

 mosques and private dwellings built with stone. The most 

 remarkable buildings within the town are mausoleums and 

 religious structures. Among the latter is a low Hindu 

 temple, supported by numerous pillars, each of which is 

 formed of a single stone : the building throughout exhibits 

 the earliest and rudest style of Brahminical architecture. 

 This temple is almost the only Hindu structure standing in 

 this neighbourhood. 



Within the fort are some cultivated inclosures, and in 

 every part of its area, among the ruins of larger buildings, 

 are mud hovels, as well as buildings of a better class. The 

 only quarter of the city which contains any considerable 

 number of inhabitants, is near the western gate, in the 

 neighbourhood of the jumma muy'fed, or great mosque. In 

 this quarter, but without the western gate of the fort, is a 

 well frequented bazaar, built of stone. Few of the larger 

 buildings appear to have had any timber used in their 

 construction, and the whole are solid and massive erections. 

 Parsing from the western gate, a succession of ruins, the 

 principal of which are Mohammedan tombs, occur to the 

 distance of five miles, where the village of Toorvee forms 

 at present the boundary of the antient city. A little to the 

 east of this village stands the meanly-built Mohammedan 

 mosque of Chunda Saheb, which to the present day is much 

 resorted to by devotees. At a short distance beyond the 

 western wall of the fort are the niins of the mausoleum 

 and mosque of Ibrahim Adil Shah, who died in 1626. 

 These buildings were erected on a base 400 feet long and 

 ISO feet wide: the centre of the mosque is covered by an 

 immense dome supported on arches. The mausoleum is 

 fifty-seven feet square, and consists of a very plain chamber, 

 surrounded by a verandah twelve feet broad and twenty-two 

 feet high. The exterior of both these buildings is of an 

 opposite character to the interior, being elaborately orna- 

 mented. The fret-work of the ceiling of the verandah is 

 covered with various passages taken from the Koran, sculp- 

 tured in bas-relief. 



The walls of the fort were formerly provided with twelve 

 juns of immense size; only two of these remained when 

 flic English obtained possession of it. One of them was 

 made of iron ; the other, which was of brass, was cast in 

 1 J49, and carried shot weighing 2646 Ibs. It was at one 

 time intended to send this gun to England, but the state 

 of the roadj rendered its removal to the coast impracticable. 



': 

 ti 



Previous to the expulsion of the Peshwa, the ruins of 

 Bejapore were the haunt of numerous thieves, who have 

 been wholly extirpated since the English authority was 

 established in the province. The city, and the district in 

 which it is situated, are inhabited chiefly by Canarese, who 

 retain their original language and customs, and in 1818 

 assisted the English in expelling their Mahratta rulers. 



BE'KES, a considerable county in the central part of 

 Eastern Hungary, lying within one of the great subdivisions 

 of that kingdom, called the ' Province beyond the Theiss,' 

 between 46 30' and 47 7' N. lat., and 20" 16' and 21 3D' 

 E. long. This county, popularly called the ' Egypt of 

 Hungary,' contains about 1370 square miles, and is from 

 40 to 45 miles in its greatest length, and nearly the same 

 in breadth. It is bounded on tlie east by the county of 

 Bihar, on the north-west by those of Great-Cumani and 

 Heves, on the south-west by that of Tsongrad, and on the 

 south-east by those of Arad and Tsanad. The surface pre- 

 sents an almost uniform level, with an inclination so slight, 

 that the rivers, which flow through it in a westerly direction 

 to the Theiss, in consequence of their sluggish current and 

 the lightness of the soil, convert the land near their banks 

 into morasses. From this circumstance Bekes possesses an 

 unhealthy climate, and a highly fertile soil. It is produc- 

 tive in corn, and has excellent meadows and pastures, but is 

 deficient in timber. The principal stream which traverses 

 it is the Kb'rb's, called the White Kerb's when it enters the 

 south-eastern districts of the county near Gyula, its capital. 

 It then Hows north-westward to the town of Bekes, where it is 

 joined by the Black Kb'rb's ; it afterwards receives the Biikb'sd, 

 unl is subsequently increased by the Rapid Kb'rb's ; thence 

 it runs for some distance under the name of the Three 

 Korb'g, but in its sinuous passage along the north-western 

 frontier of the county it exchanges this designation, between 

 Tur and Srarvas, for that of the Berettyo, and it is in these 

 north-western parts particularly that marsh and swamp 

 abound. The extent of land which has been turned to the 

 jurposes of husbandry or grazing is about 360,000 acres, or 

 bur-tenths of the entire surface : of these about 200,000 

 are arable, and 132,000 are used as meadows and pastures, 

 the remainder being applied to horticulture, &c. The ex- 

 tent of wood-land does not exceed 27,000. Bekes grows 

 very large quantities of wheat of excellent quality, but thu 

 cultivation of other descriptions of grain is generally neg- 

 ected. Much hay is also made, particularly in the districts 

 within the minor circle of Bekes, and reed-grass is also cut 

 and stacked as winter-fodder for the cattle. The culture 

 of vegetables is extensive. A considerable trade is carried 

 m in water-melons ; and the vine is partially cultivated, 

 >ut its produce, not even excepting the Tsaba wind, which 

 s the best, is of an inferior kind. Instead of slate or tile, 

 rushes are employed for roofing houses and fencing car- 

 lens ; and the want of wood for fuel compels the inhabitants 

 n general to have recourse to straw, rushes, and cow-dung ; 

 or they are either too ignorant or too indifferent to avail 

 hemselres of the plentiful supply of peat which the country 

 ontains. The rearing of cattle and sheep is carried on 

 upon a large scale. Much cheese and wool are brought to 

 market, but the former is of indifferent quality; horses are 

 ' >red in many parts. The county has no wild animals but 

 folves and hares. Of the water-fowl in the marshy dis- 

 ricts the most noted are tho nocturnal and the gray heron, 

 lie first of which produces the fine and delicate plumes 

 ith which the better class of Hungarians ornament their 

 aps. The rivers produce abundance of fish ; and the marsh- 

 ands, crabs and tortoises. Bees are universally reared, and 

 ome individuals possess upwards of two hundred hives 

 ~^>ekes is altogether destitute of mineral products. 

 The inhabitants, who are about 126,000 in number, con- 

 ist mostly of Magyars, intermixed with a few Slawacks, 

 Jermans, Wallachians, and Jews. In no very remote ago 

 le country was scarcely better than a dreary waste ; but 

 n modern days, though even at present it is capable of 

 ustaining double the number of individuals, the population 

 as been greatly on the increase, for, according to oflieial 

 i'turns, it had risen from 71,557, in the year 1 787, to 92,463, 

 ) 1805. The increase since the last date has averaged 

 early 1200 annually ; the greatest in any single year 

 aving been in 1816-17, when it was 5734. The people aro 

 thrifty industrious race, but interest themselves in few 

 ursuits except those connected with agriculture and cattle- 

 reeding. Two-thirds of them are of the Protestant faith; 

 remainder being chiefly Roman Catholics. 



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