n K N 





n E N 



In few OMM from gifts, some of tliom rnunificcnt, r^niri- 

 buted by wealthy native* in aid of establishment*: promoted 

 by the government. The greater part of these establishment* 

 have been founded iiioe the renewal of the Company's 

 rlurtcr in 1813. Previous to that time the Mohammedan 

 College, or Madrissa, of Calcutta was the only institution for 

 educating native children under the direct patronage of thr- 

 government within the province. This college was founded 

 in 1781 by Warren Hasting*. At the renewal of the 

 charter in 1813 the Company was hound to expend one lac 

 of rupees annually for this object. This sum (about IO.OOO/.) 

 would do but little towards providing instruction for the 

 population of the three presidencies, and the Company hns 

 not considered itself to be thus restricted by the terms of the 

 enactment. In the six years from 1825 to 1830 inclusive, 

 the expense on the score of education has amounted to 

 257,535/.. or 4 2.922/. per annum, on the average, and of this 

 amount 185, 030/., or 30,8361. per annum, has been ex- 

 pended in the presidency of Bengal. There are no means 

 of ascertaining what part of this sum was appropriated lor 

 educational purposes in the pmvinre of Bengal ; a consider- 

 able proportion of it was spent for establishments at Agra, 

 Delhi, and Benares, and a considerable sum was appro- 

 priated in Calcutta for providing school-books, which are 

 thence supplied to all parts of British India. 



When we consider the innmmsity of the field, compre- 

 hending a population more than four times as great as that 

 of tho United Kingdom, the sums here mentioned will ap- 

 pear to be quite inadequate to the end proposed, nor indeed 

 does it seem possible for the English government to provide 

 sufficient funds for insuring its accomplishment. It is not 

 probable that this effect will ever be produced except through 

 the general and hearty co-operation of the mass of the in- 

 habitants, and this cannot be looked for except by slow 

 degrees, as the natives rise from the state of poverty in 

 which, for the most part, they now pass through life. This 

 improvement may probably be accelerated by the increasing 

 number of Europeans who are expected to avail themselves 

 of the advantages held out by the recent alterations in the con- 

 stitution of the East India Company, by funning trading and 

 agricultural establishments in different parts of the country. 



Commerce. The external commerce of Bengal is of great 

 magnitude. The following statement of imports and export s 

 from Europe and America, during the year 1831-32, is the 

 latest that has yet been completed : 



hnporlt into Ptngal. 



MrrrhandlM. Trennre. Tula'.. 



llupox. Kupoet. Rup. 



From Great Britain 1.72.27.'J17 . . 1.7J..'7,9I7 



Forek'ii Kurupo 3,72. 5,625 3,77,66.1 



N.kS. America 8.89,037 9,06,402 17.95,439 



Total imports 1,84,88,993 9,12,027 1,94,01,019 

 / '-pnrtsfrom Bengal. 



Merchandise. Trraaure. Total. 



To (irr.il Britain. Kupto*. BnpMi. Bupoea. 



By the E. I. Comp. 96,79,862 73,H),S15 1,70,69,677 



private merchants 1,1 8,40, 11:1 36,42.784 l,54,83,)'J7 



Total to Gr. Britain 2,1.. 

 To Foreign Europe 1 7,72,003 

 ., N. & S. America 34.70,363 



1,10,32,599 



17,71 

 "0,363 



Total exports 2,67,62,641 1,10,32,599 3,77,95.210 



The great difference here observable in the amount cf 

 imports and exports is not, as might be supposed, accidental, 

 nor is it peculiar to the year tor which the statement is 

 given, but is uniformly experienced, and in nearly an equal 

 degree. This difference affords good evidence of the pecu- 

 niary advantage derived by this country from its connexion 

 with India. The balance which during a course 

 thus brought from that country, exhibits the profits or 

 savings of the proprietors of East India stock, ana of indi- 

 vidual European traders or residents whose surplus funds 

 arc sent to this country, to which the possessors return 

 from time to time in order to enjoy their accumulations 



A considerable part of the trade between India and China 

 is carried on from Calcutta. The shippin:: cniployi-d in this 

 branch of trade in the five years from 1827-28 to 1931-32 

 was as follows : 



From Calcutta to Canton. 



From Canton to Calf utta. 



The most valuable part of this trade, as regards it* 

 amount, is the shipment of opium to China, the extent of 

 which appears from the following statement : 



Statement of the Contumption and Value of Indian Opium in China, in each Year, from 1816-17 to 1830-31. 



Opium forms more than one-half of the value of the car- 

 goes sent from the different presidencies in India to China. 

 The trade in this drug is contraband ; the vessels in winch 

 it is sent are wholly laden with it and remain at Lintin, to 

 which place the Chinese traders resort with their junks, 

 having previously agreed for tho purchase, and paid the 

 price in money to an agent in Canton, by whom they are 

 furnished with orders, addressed to the master of one of 

 thfr-shifi for ' uo Delivery of the stipulated number of 



The' other 'principal articles shipped from Bengal to China 

 are saltpot'' c > l K ' ar '*- cornelians, coral, woollen and cotton 

 Then 1 erMenlljr in error In Dw miraberi WO, 900, In ani 



manufactures of Europe, and rice. The returns have been 

 made in silver bullion, known M Syrr silver, and in bills 

 of exchange drawn upon the government at Bengal by 

 the factory at Canton, and given in payment for the in- 

 vestment of tea sent to Europe. A different course will 

 necessarily be given to this trade, now that the commer- 

 cial character of the East India Company has been dis- 

 continued. 



The following table contains a statement of the value of 

 the trade carried on between Bengal and the Arabian and 

 n Gulfs, in tho seven years from 1821-22 to 1827-28, 

 the latest period to whic.i tho returns arc brought down : 



or both | bat w horf tlrlcllf folio* l the orl|lnnl account, 



