HER 



B F. R 



connected with the Courantyne by a creek, and by this 

 route dispatches are brought from Surinam by Indians. 



Tnc Ik-rbiee alia preserve* it* winding course to the 

 southward, and vessel* of two to three hundred tons may 

 go up as far as Fort Nassau, which is thirty mile* directly 

 inl.ind and about filly by the course of the river. In bank* 

 re low and covered with sugar and coffee plantations : 

 several small creeks branch off on each side, but are only 

 cces-ible to boats. Beyond Nassau the Berbice is still 

 ilile for small vessel* for many miles. Its source is 

 among the mountains which bound the colony to the south- 

 ward, at the distance of about sixty miles inland from the 

 sea-coast. It is high water at the entrance at ten minutes 

 after six, full and change of moon : spring tides rise eleven 

 feet and neap tides eight : the Hood runs to the west" ard. 

 Crab Island, at the entrance of the river, is in 6' 24' N. lat., 

 57 1 2' W. long. 



The population of the district, according to the latest re- 

 turn >et transmitted (1833), was as follows : 



Main. Femmlei. TuUl. 



Whites ... 431 139 570 



Free coloured people 671 930 1,651 



Slaves . . . 10,243 9,077 19,320 



Total . . 11,345 10,196 21.5J1 

 About one-half of the white persons, and nearly the whole 

 of the free coloured population, resided in New Amsterdam. 

 The numbers of the former were males 161, females 95, 

 256 ; and of the latter males 527, females 779, total 

 130C. The number of births in the same year, throughout 

 the district, was 5U7, the number of marriages 75, and the 

 deaths 622. 



There is a free-school in New Amsterdam, which was 

 established in 1829, with funds supplied by the govern- 

 ment, but it has since been supported by voluntary contri- 

 butions : these have so much fallen off of late, that it is 

 prb tMe the whole expense must soon be defrayed by the 

 colonial government. The system of instruction is that 

 km) MI as Dr. Bell's. The number of scholars in 1833 was 

 75, of whom 50 were boys, and 25 girls. There are eight 

 private schools, but the number of their scholars is not 

 known. 



The whole district is under the ecclesiastical care of the 

 rector of New Amsterdam, and is in the diocese of the bishop 

 of Barbadoes. The living, which is in the gift of the go- 

 vernor of British Guiana, is of the yearly value of about 600/. 

 sterling. The church, which is situated in New Amster- 

 dam, is capable of containing 50'J persons. 

 Berbiee produced in 1833 



Sugar .... 11,858,006 Ibs. 



Rum .... 3:19,398 gals. 



Molasses .... 458,007 gals. 



Coffee 1,871,852 Ibs. 



Cotton .... 416,731 Ibs. 



in addition to the provisions required for the consumption 

 of the inhabitants. The number of horses in the district in 

 that year was 214, and of horned cattle 12,743. 



The commerce of the district in 1 832 was of the following 

 value: Imports 86.815/., consisting principally of grain, 

 dried fish, and lumber, from our North American colonies, 

 and plantation stores from this country. Exports 332,9.Tt/., 

 which consisted almost exclusively of sugar, rum, coffee, 

 an I cotton, and were principally brought to England. No 

 detailed account of a later date has yet been received. The 

 uumher of ships that entered in 1833 was 



Veiwli. Tom. 

 From Great Britain . . 28 7,435 



Briti-.li Colonies . 246 14,354 



United States of America 1 138 



,. other foreign states . 14 1,146 



Total . , 289 23.073, 1573 men, 



The ships that cleared outward in the game year were 



VrMfU. Toot. 



To Great Britain . . 29 7,465 



,. Briii. h Colonies . 279 16 3<tO 



United Stales of America 2 '200 



other foreign states , 2 305 



Total 



312 



24,390, 1686 men. 

 (Bryan Edward' Weil Indie* : Bolini: brake's Vawgt 

 to int Dtmerary, &c., 1807; Purdy's Colombian 



vigatnr ; Arrowsmith's Chart ; Government Statittical 

 Tablet.) 

 BERCHTESGADEN. or BERCHTOI.SGADEN, a 



di-tru-t in the circle of the Isar in Bavaria, lung at the 

 south-eastern extremity of the kingdom, and bounded on 

 the east by the Salzburg territories in the * province above 

 the Ens,' or Upper Austria. It has an area of about 

 147 square miles, with a population of about 8400 souls. 

 Bcrehtesgadeii is as romantic and picturesque a res-ion as 

 any among the Alps, being encircled by lofty mountains, 

 such as the Untersberg in the north, and the ' Hohe Giitil ' 

 in the south, which rises behind the town of Berchlesga- 

 den. It contains numerous delightful valleys, the most con- 

 siderable of which lies along the course of the Ac-lien. This 

 river traverses the centre of the district, and Hows out of 

 the King's or St. Bartholomew's Lake, a piece of water 

 nearly eight miles in length, about one mile and two-thirds 

 in breadth, eighteen in circuit, and walled in by high 

 mountains. The district also contains the Olx-rsee, a small 

 lake connected with the preceding, and several smaller 

 lakes. The whole face of the country is covered with lonely 

 dwellings, standing like hermitages on hills, precipices, and 

 narrow plateaus, and its natural features render it an object 

 of great interest as well as of constant resort to the natu- 

 ralist, the artist, and the stranger. The climate is raw and 

 keen : grain does not thrive : but the inhabitants find ample 

 resources in its forests meadows, and gardens, no leas than 

 in the salt-mines, and their well-known skill in manufac- 

 turing articles of wood, ivory, bone, &c. Berchtesgaden 

 indeed resembles a scattered manufacturing town : and the 

 industry of the females is such, that they may frequently 

 be seen carrying on three occupations at the same time, 

 driving cattle before them, carrying burthens on their heads, 

 and knitting as they go along. The government salt- 

 works, whose shafts when lighted up have the appearance 

 of a fairy palace, are situated on the Salzhrrg. at Frauen- 

 reuth, east of the town of Berc.htessaden, and yield annually 

 about 7500 tons of pure salt. This district also produce! 

 mill-stones, lime, gypsum, and turf. The profits from the in- 

 dustry of its inhabitants are estimated at upwards of I4,0()0/. 

 sterling (150.00H gulden) per annum. The Protestant part 

 of the population migrated to Berlin and Brunswick in the 

 year 1732. Berchtesgaden, the princip.il town, lies in 17 

 39' N. lat., and 12 58' E. Ion?., at an elevation of w 18 feet 

 above the level of the sea, and is traversed by the Alben, 

 or Achen, which runs into the Salzach. It has a judicial 

 tribunal, an office of woods and forests, an anticnt cathedral- 

 church with pointed marble towers, a Franciscan mona- 

 and a charitable asylum: but its most striking embellish- 

 ment is the ' Fiirstenstein,' a royal palace beautifully situa- 

 ted, in which are a library, and the principal depot for the 

 articles in wood, &c., which the district manufacture!!. 

 There are a number of stocking-looms in the town. North 

 of it lies * Schellcnherg,' a market-town on the Alben, close 

 to the Austrian borders, with about 1500 inhabitants. Near 

 this place is an antient defile, the i-jir. -- i'mni which into 

 this secluded district is marked by the following inscription 

 carved in a precipitous mass of rock : ' Pax intrantibus et 

 inhabitantibus.' S mill-west of Derehlesgaden is ' Ramsan,' 

 on the Klausenbaeh. a village of 800 souls, with quarries 

 und mill-stone works in its vicinity. [See FHAWKNRKVTH.] 

 BEHCHTOLD. LEOPOLD, COUNT, a native ol. Ger- 

 many, born in 1758. is celebrated for his philanthropic ex- 

 ertions, having spent thirteen yenrs in travelling throughout 

 Europe, and four in Asia and Africa, with a \ie\v of miti- 

 gating human sufferings, to which object the whole of his 

 life was devoted. He was the author of plans for prevent- 

 ing the dangers of hasty interments, for discovering tin- 

 true causes of sickness incident to seamen, and for curing 

 them. In 1 797 he published at Vienna directions for the 

 cure and prevention of the plague, having travelled two 

 years throughout Asiatic and European Turkey for the 

 purpose of investigating its symptoms and determining its 

 character. The Royal Academy of Sciences at Lisbon 

 ordered these directions to be translated into Arabic, French, 

 und Portugue-p. The count had previously made some dis- 

 coveries as to the application of oil in this disease ; and in 

 the course of his remarks on the nature of the plague, he 

 Mates, that out of upwards of a million of inhabitants carried 

 offin Upper and I^ower E-jypt m the course of forty years, it 

 had not been known that cither an oilman or dealer in oil had 

 fallen its victim. Count Hcrchtold attempted to effect re1 

 in the state of European police, and wrote some pamphlets 



