B E R 



29G 



H i; R 



LouUa. the last being formi-rly called the Colognian. or 

 Kopenickian suburb; the fifth' i* New Voigtland, or the 

 Orunienburg suburb, beyond the Spandau suburb in the 

 north - 



Tlie>o several quarters of Berlin, with the exception of 

 mil, are <'. >M-|V connected with each other, nncl 

 surrounded by a wall sixteen feet high, in which there 

 ore fourteen land-gates and two water-gales, besides four 

 minor outlets. They are divided into twenty nine police 

 quarters, and contain eleven palaces, or residences for mem- 

 bers of the royal family, and 871-1 private dw'elling-houses * 

 (6700 within ihc walls), in which there are 53,363 distinct 

 family occupations : the rent of which amounts to 3,'J85,270 

 dollars, or about 54 7. -3801. The portion injured against lire in 

 1833 was valued at 79,191,600 dollars or ab.mt IU,SSU,-2G-1/. 



The number of bridges in Berlin is 42 : the principal arc 

 the Schloss-briiekc, or Bridge of the Palace ; the Marshal 

 Bridge ; and Frederick's Bridge, which is of iron, 245 feet 

 long, between 32 and 33 feet broad, and consists of eight 

 arches of 2" feet diameter, and 5J feet in height. The num- 

 ber of squares, open spaces, and markets is 32; of streets. 

 148 ; of lanes, 14 ; and of passages, 14. The places of wor- 

 ship for the Lutherans. Reformed Lutherans, and Roman 

 Catholics, arc 27 churches ; and for the 4000 Jews, one syna- 

 gogue. There arc 17 public hospitals, and 8 military in- 

 firmaries : 1 7 barracks, and 4 riding or drilling houses for 

 the soldier}' ; 8 royal magazines, independently of -I powder- 

 magazines out of the town ; and 24 cemeteries, of which 16 

 lie within the walls, and S beyond them. The total number 

 of public buildings is 178. 



The Spree receives, at what is called the ' Ship-builders' 

 D.-xn,' the 1'anke, which (lows through part of the suburb of 

 Spandau; and without the walls is the Sheep or Militia 

 Fosse, which runs out of the Spree near the Silesian Gate, 

 winds along the skirts of Louisa and Frederick's Towns, 

 skirls the Thicr-garten, which is a sort of open park, and 

 rejoins the Spree in the vicinity of the village of Lk-'/ou. 

 Three canals, also, namely, the former ditch of the ram- 

 parts, with the King's and Sluices' Fosses, arc of much 

 utility to the inhabitants. 



Of the 14 land-gates of Berlin, there is none to be 

 compared with the Brandenburg .Gate, on the west side 

 of the town, next the Square of Paris, in the Dorotheeu- 

 stadt. It is a copy of the Propyltca of the Acropolis 

 at Athens, but on a much large'r scale: it was con- 

 structed in 1780, and exhibits a double colonnade of 12 

 columns of the Doric order, each 44 feet in height, and 5 

 feet 8 inches in diameter, which occupy the centre, with 5 

 entrances between them, that in the centre having an iron 

 gate 18 feet high; the structures on each side of it have 

 their roofs supported by 18 smaller columns, 24 feet in 

 height. The pediment, which rests upon the 12 larger and 

 central columns, is surmounted by a Victory standing upon a 

 car drawn by four horses, 12 feet high. This was carried :if 

 by the French in 1807, and brought back from France seven 

 years afterwards. The entire breadth of the Brandenburg 

 Gate is 199 feet (195 Berlin feet), and its elevation, includ- 

 ing the p.-diment, rather more than 65. The bassi-rilievi 

 on the pediment represent Margrave Albert Achilles cap- 

 turing a standard with his own hands from the Nuremberg 

 troops; and the sculptures in the metopes represent the 

 combat between the Centaurs and Lapitlitc. 



Immediately outside of this gate lies the Tliicr-gartcn, 

 which is laid out in walks, avenues, and labyrinths. It con- 

 tains a number of country-residences and gardens, sta- 

 tionary zellc, or tents for rnrahmenU, a fine (lower-garden, 

 the master of the hunt's establishment and public gardens, 

 the great area for military exercise, and the handsome 

 palace of Bcllorue with spacious grounds, where Prince 

 Augustus resides. 



Our description of what is most remarkable in Berlin will 

 be best understood if wo take the chief objects in the re- 

 spective quarters of the town in regular succession. We 

 shall lie-in, therefore, with Berlin, the oldest quarter: 

 we find the post-house, town-hall, and seat of the 

 civic judicature; th- general military school; the royal 

 gymnasium, called the Joachims-thai', with four courU; 

 ;urch of St. Nicholas, supported by 16 Gothic co- 

 lumns, which is 1 74 feet in length, 74 in width, and 40 in 

 height: it has a steeple, and is the most anticnt church in 



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Berlin, having been consecrated in the year 1223; the 

 LundschafU haus, or pM\n -cinhly for thu 



representatives of the mark of Brandcnbur : : Si. Mary's 

 Church, in lenj-th 211 feet, bicadth 99, and height 5G. with 

 a handsome pulpit of alabaster, some fine pain! in: 1 

 Kode, the tomb of Kanitz the poet, and a steeple 292 feet 

 high, ace united the ljltie:,t in tie city ; Frederick's Bridge, 

 which we have already described ; the Lager-haus (- 



I, in which are several royal manufaclo. , the 



att.'irrs of Ranch the sculptor, and two other artists, Tick 

 and Wach ; the King's Gewerblmus (handicraft e-tablish- 

 racnt), comprising a mechanics' institute, workshops in 

 which metals are melted, and screws, wheels, &c., arc 

 manufactured by steam; apartments containing casts, draw- 

 ings, and engravings, for gratuitous instruction in the art 

 of design and modelling; and a laboratory, library, and col- 

 lection of models, attached to the Society fur Promoting 

 Mi clianical Industry, which has upwards of 800 II:CIII!HT> : 

 the Rojal Gymnasium of the Grey Friars (Zum Graurn 

 Kloster), attended b\ more than 400 youths: the (!a: 

 Church, the largest in Berlin, containing a superficies of 

 nearly 16,000 feet, independently of the space occupied by 

 the columns : it -a remarkably fine organ, and 



several allegorical paintings of Prussian commai 

 parochial church, built in the shape of u cr..ss, 51 feet br ad, 

 and 102 long; Frederick's Hospital, or Orphan Asylum, 

 which maintains more than 350 orphan-, pimi !c-, l.vurd ii.r 

 650 other children, and has a royal inuculating institution 

 attached to it: and, lastly, the Stadtvogtei, or prefecture of 

 the town, which contains the police nlli ,,s for 



all offenders within the jurisdiction of the civic ;i 

 Crossing over to the opposite, or left bank of 

 we enter Old Cologm; the most central quarter of Beihn, 

 from the Long Bridge, a structure of stone, with live arches. 

 165 feet in length, and with an iron balustrade. Upon this 

 bridge stands the massive equestrian bronze statue of ti. 

 great Frederick William, elector of Brandenburg, on a pc- 

 dc>tal, having at each of its four corners the cc! 

 of a slave. This monument, moulded by Schliitcr and cast 

 by Jacob!, was erected in the year 1703. The bridge lends 

 immediately into the Schloss Platz, or square of the palace, 

 an area 1450 feet in length and 450 in width, the north-west 

 side of which is occupied by the roval palace, an oblun;;- 

 rectar.gular building composc'd of four courts, and c.ontu 

 five hundred habitable apartments. It is the present 

 dence of the heir-apparent and Prince William, his uncle. 

 It is 474 feet in length, 284 in breadth, 104 in height, and 

 1516 in circuit. It contains the great library, belonging to 

 the heir-apparent; the royal treasury and archives-r 

 the picture gallery, with nearly 300 specimens of the Italian, 

 Flemish, and old German schools ; the white hall, with marble 

 statues of four emperors, and sixteen electors of Branden- 

 burg: the museums of natural history and mechanical arts, 

 as well as of the line arts ; and the three great reservoirs 

 over the principal entrance, which is an imitation of the 

 triumphal arch of Sevcrus in Rome: these reservoirs are 

 kept constantly filled with 7000 tons of water. 



The gardens at the back of this magnificent edifice are 

 surrounded by an a/Ice of poplars and chestnuts, but de- 

 rive their chief attraction from the noble Museum which 

 stands at their northern extremity, and contains the cl. 

 specimens of the arts that were scattered thiough the rnjul 

 collections in Berlin and Potsdam, as well as a multitude of 

 acquisitions made of late years. This splendid structure 

 will immortalize the nameof Schinckel, the. architect. Owing 

 to the swampy nature of the soil, it is built on upwards of 

 1000 pine-piles from 48 to 50 feet in height. Jts form is a 

 rectangular oblong, 281 feet in length, and 182 feet in depth. 

 It is 62 feet in elevation from the ground to the uppernio.-f 

 edge of the entablature which runs round it, has a ha-"tiicnt 

 ml two tlo >r- ab.ive it, and the principal front, \\:.., }, 



;he gardens, is broken by a (light of 21 steps, leading to 

 a vestibule 16 feet deep, which is formed by 18 Ionic c< lumiis. 

 The various collections which ii .re, the p 



gallery, consisting of a fine hall 208 feet long, and u 

 .11 feet wide; two smaller halls, each 125 feet lon;j a; 

 liet vtilc, and .-everal apartments adjoining: thu whole, 

 including the partitions between the ii,dows. pre.-ent a 

 surface of wall of between 38,000 and 39,0(10 square feet. It 

 contains also collections of anticnt sculpture-, vase-. ai.,ic"t 

 and modern coin-,, anlient bronzes, and pottery. Tin build- 

 ing was begun in IH23.and was opened on the 3rd of An. 

 In front of this edifice is a olossal vare, cln 



