I? I 



R 



tertians not to allow another house, even ( their o . 

 to >o built within a certain diMance. Ste\cns, in his con- 

 tinuation of DugdaJo'a Monattiam. xol. ii. p. 31. say*, if wo 

 may l*di.-v the historians of this onler. they hud in all MX 

 thousand house*. The Hittoire det Ordrrs Mnmittiqitet 

 ays that within fifty years of its in.-titution there were live 

 hundred abbeys of this order. St. Bernard alone is said to 

 have founded sixty house*. 



The Bernardino* or Cistercians were transplanted into 

 England from the abbey of Auinoue in Normundy, in I l-Jt*. 

 by \Valter Giffard. bishop of Winchester, who placed them 

 in his newly-founded abbey of Waverlcy in Surrey. This 

 monastery was the first house of the Cistercian Order esta- 

 blished in England, although precedence \\asfor awhile 

 claimed by the abbey of Furness in Lancashire. The ' An- 

 nals of Waverley; printed by Gale, give a minute account 

 of the dispute. (See also Manning and Bray's Hixlnrij nf 

 Surrey, vol. iii. p. 144.) The abbot of Waverley had pre- 

 cedence a* well in the chapters of the GutWUU abbots 

 through England, as a superiority over the whole order in 

 this country. 



In the 26th Henry VIII. the number of Bernardino or 

 (.'Mercian abbeys in England, of which thirt\-si\ wen: 

 among the greater monasteries, amounted to seventy live, 

 besides twenty- six Cistercian nunneries. Of the latter, one 

 only was endowed with more than 200/. per annum. The 

 total revenue of the Cistercian houses in England amounted 

 to IS.691/. )2.G</. 



Stevens, in his work already quoted, vol. ii. p. 23, has 

 translated a long history ' Of tlie Original and Progress of 

 the Order of Cistercians' from the French Hittoire des 

 Ordret Monmtiquei, &c., torn. v. pp. 341,373. Dugdale 

 and Stevens, between them, have printed tlie rub 

 regulations of this order, with the various bulls of coiilirma- 

 tion and privilege granted to it by different popes. Stevens 

 has lik. -wise given a list of the learned men of the Order of 

 the Uernardines or Cistercians in England, thirty-six in 

 number. St. Bernard's College in Oxford (since re-founded 

 us St. John's College) was founded by Archbishop Chichele 

 in 1437 for scholars of the Cistercian Order who might wish 

 to study in Oxford, but had no place belonging to their 

 order in which they could associate together, and be relieved 

 from the inconveniences of separation in halls and inns, 

 where they could not keep up their peculiar customs and 

 statutes. The figure of St. Bernard still stands in a niche 

 in the upper part of St. John's College tower. 



St. Alberic, who became abbot of Cistuaux in 1099, drew 

 up the first statutes of this order. The Harleian Manu- 

 script 3708 (British Museum), a volume of the fourteenth 

 century, contains another body of statutes for the order, 

 compiled in the years 1289 and 1300. 



The habit of this order was a white cassock with a nar- 

 row scapulary, and over that a black gown when the monk 

 went abroad, but a white one when he went to church. The 

 Iny brethren were clad in dark colour. Stevens represents 

 the habit t have been a little different. In his Contin. (if 

 the Montulicoa, vol. ii., he gives a plate of a Cistercian 

 monk will) his cowl, p. 29 ; aiMther of a monk without his 

 cowl. p. 30 : and a third of a Cistercian nun. p. 31. 



The abb it of Cistcaux in Burgundy continued to be the 

 superior general and father of the whole Bernardinc or Cis- 

 tercian Order till the French Revolution. He was first 

 llor, a* toon as he was elected abbot, in the parliament 

 < I Uijon. 



(Compare Tann. Notit. Monmt. edit. 1787, prof. pp. ix. 

 \. : Dugdalc's Monatticon, new edit. vol. v. pp. 2iy, 236 ; 

 ///i/. det Ordres Monasliques ; and Stevens, ut supra.) 



I' K UN AY, a town in France, in the department of Eure, 

 abjut ninety-two or ninety-three miles \V. by N. of 1'aris, 

 through Mantes and Evreux. It is on the left or N.W. 

 bank nf the little river Charentonnc, which a few miles 

 below the town Hows into the Rillc, a feeder of the Seine. 

 It 11 in vy 6' N. lau. and 34' E. long, from Greenwich. 



Bcrnay possessed, before the Revolution, several religious 

 houses, the principal of which was a Benedictine abbey of 

 the congregation of St. Maur. founded A.D. 101. 'I, by Judith, 

 wife of Richard II., Duke of Normandy. Tlie church of 

 this abbey, though not parochial, was the chief place of 

 worship in the plnre. and in it the clergy assembled both 

 from the town and suburbs, in order to form general pro- 

 cessions. There were two parish churches, one in the city 

 and one in the suburbs; and two hospitals, one <. 

 founded by St. Louu. In the early part and middle of the 



.ilui-y the trade of Bernuy consisted in corn and 

 woollen and linen rl.iih. It had then l-mr I. HIS, tlie prr.i- 

 cipal of which v. r just before I'.ilm 



Sunday (authoring- vary : time), and u 



weekly market, lie ;ucnleil Uy the inhabit nils not only of 

 nil. '0(1, but of i iApilly, 111 



1762, give-, the population at about bOOO. In the lliclmn- 

 naire UtWMftel de la France, 1S04, it is stated at i.l/:l; 

 perhaps the destruction of the religious houses und the 



.1 trade had caused the diminution. Ac- 

 the census of 183.2 the population of the town was 44bO,and 

 of the whole commune (>60i. 



At present there are considerable manufactures of woollen 

 cloth, flannel, linens, cotton jam, dimities, \\-.:\ 

 glass, and paper. Then- i- an annual lair, one of the : 

 considerable in 1': cially for the sale of horses. It 



is said that above 40,000 persons are drawn together to tins 

 fair. Besides their own manufactures the inhabitants trade, 

 in thc^roduce of the surrounding country cattle, grain, 

 cider, and perry. There are a theatre, a high school, an 

 hospital, and an agricultural society. Bernuy has a trn 

 de commerce for the settlement of mercantile dispute- 

 it is the seat of a subprcl'ecture. 



The arrondissement of Bernay contr.ined, in 18.V2, n |K>- 

 pulatioii of (> 2.828. 



BERNBURG. or ANIIALT-BERNBURG, a duchy in 

 the north of Germany, forming part of the triple duchy of 

 Anhall, consists of disjointed teiritories lying between the 

 Harz Mountains and the ri\ers Saale and Kibe, and ex- 

 tends from 51 40' to 5l59'N. lat. and from 10" 

 1 2 36' E. long. The area of this duchy is about 336 square 

 miles. It is encompa-M-d by the Prussian dominions on 

 every side, except on the west, where an isolated district 

 of it is bounded by the domains of Blankcnburg belonging 

 to Brunswick. It is divided into two parts, the lower duchy 

 comprising the territories on the Suale. Wipper. liude, and 

 Fulinc, together with the bailiwick of Gross-Miihlingcn, on 

 the left bank of the Saale, and that of Koswig, on the right 

 bank of the Elbe ; and the upper duchy, which comprc!.- 

 the territory next the Lower Harz. The greatest length of 

 Bernburg is from the south-western to the north- eastern 

 extremity of the principality of Anhalt, n distance ol about 

 sixty-four miles. The surface of the latter sub-division, 

 though very mountainous and full of woods and 

 intersected by a number of delightful and productive \ alley s, 

 and enlivened with rivers and mountain streams : ti-w scenes 

 are more picturesque, indeed, than the country round Bal- 

 lenstedt, Harzgeroue, and the Alexis baths in the val 

 Selkc. The Harz, which subsides in the plains of the 

 upper-duchy, is the only range of mountains in Anha't- 

 Bernburg, and is not only interesting in a nm 

 point of view, but of much importance to the duchy from il 

 mines. The lower duchy, one portion of which lies on the 

 Saale and the other on the right bank of the Klh.-. 

 almost uninterrupted Hat, and possesses a productive soil. 

 It is watered by the Fidine and \Vippcr, t\vo minor rivers 

 flowing into the Saale, which likewise receives the Bode and 

 its tributary the Sclke, the two streams that run through 

 the upper duchy. All the rivers which* water Anhall-lii : n- 

 burg belong, then-fore, to the basin of the Kibe. Among 

 the small lakes, or rather sheets of water, in this di 

 the most considerable are, the Blasscr-Sec, the Kiisc, ami 

 the Strenge. The only mineral spring of note is the Alexis 

 Bad, about a mile to the north-east of Harzgcrode. m the 

 upper duchy, whose sulphurous waters and pleasing en- 

 virons attract numerous visitors. The climate \ar;c 

 cording to the elevation of the surface, hut is in gem-nil 

 healthy. In the more elevated districts about Giintcr-i 

 where the soil is exposed to the northerly winds, the 1'iuit in 

 some years does not ripen, and the harvest is u fortnight later 

 than in the lower districts. On the whole, however, there 

 is proof of the salubrity of the climate in the excess of the 

 births over the deaths for the period between the years 1817 

 and 1830, in which the former were 18,720, and the latter 

 were not more than 12,415. There is considerable diversity 

 in the products of the two sub-divisions of Anhiill-Bcrnburg. 

 The lower duchy yields every kind of grain in nbund 

 peas and beans, vein-tables, (lax. and a small (|ii.-nt.' 

 tobacco; the growth of wine about Bernburg is on in 

 crease, and fruit is plentiful in all part-. Ol In, rued c.ittli- 

 there is a sufficiency ; sheep arc numerous, and the bi 

 has been greatly improved of late yearn ; the want of p:Mun- 

 impedes the rearing of horses, the stronger species of v Inch 



