B 1 L 



B I L 



matter ft stimulating properly, wbjcn is necessary (o excite 

 the action of tin- large intestines, tin- oll'n-r <>!' which is to 

 expel from tin; system to-- . vicmcntitious portion of the 

 uliment. This excrcmeniiti'Mts part oC the hue ma) 



. considered as constituting B nutnr.il purge, formed 

 in the ranal itself, which il is to stimulate to the net of 

 expulsion. And accordingly when the secretion of the 

 l;\cr IN scanty, anil the bile docs ni)t llnw in sullicient 

 quantity into the duodenum, one consequence uniformly 

 is, tli.it 'the fjpccs are without their proper colour, ami desti- 

 tute i.f their natural stimulating quality : \\henre the due 

 action of the large intestines does not take place, and con- 

 stipation and a long and varied train of evils in the general 

 system follow. 



" Such are the nature and office of the bile, the very im- 

 portant secretion elaborated by the liver. But the liver is 

 an organ of enormous bulk, and receives an immense quan- 

 tity of blood; the term ' enormous' bring used fa comparison 

 with the size of other glands, and the term ' immense' in 

 t- >mp:inson with the quantity of bile secreted. Moreover, 

 the liver is found in animals exceedingly low in the scale of 

 organization, and even in these il is often of very great 

 magnitude. Hence it is conceived that the secretion of 

 bile is by no means the sole function performed by the liver. 

 Many physiologic s look upon it as a supplementary organ 

 of the lungs, assisting that organ in the depuration of ihe 

 blood, and, like it, eliminating from the blood its super- 

 tluous hydrogen and c.irbon. ' \Vhcn the venous blood 

 becomes loaded with hillammublc matter (hydrogen and 

 carbon) which cannot be discharged from the lungs, and 

 when, from certain causes, one of which appears to be the 

 increase of cutaneous perspiration, this excess of inllammable 

 matter is not employed in the deposition of fat, the liver 

 would appear to be the organ by which it is removed. In 

 onLnary cases the quantity discharged is small, probably 

 no more than is sufficient to preserve the liver in its healthy 

 state, and to perform the secondary objects to which the 

 function is subservient; but when, from a conjunction ol 

 circumstances, there is an excess of inflammable matter, its 

 accumulation is prevented by an increased discharge ol 

 bile.' (Bostock's Elements tyfJtyriology, vol. i. p. 370.) 



Upon the whole there is reason to believe that the changes 

 which the blood undergoes in the liver are threefold. 1 . Ma- 

 terials more or less heterogeneous and crude, absorbed by the 

 vena porUD, and coming chielly from the organs of digestion, 

 undergo, while circulating through this viscus, a PIMCCS.S o 

 animalization, by which the blood is better fitted for carrying 

 on the general functions of the system. '2. Certain consti- 

 tuents of the blood, either noxious in their own nature, or 

 injurious by the excess in which they accumulate, are here 

 separated from the common mass of blood, and carried out 

 of the system. 3. By the preceding changes, the blood cir- 

 culalihg through the liver is specially titled for the produc- 

 tion of a peculiar secretion, which performs a specific ollict 

 in the process of digestion. 



This uultiplif it\ <.f olliees performed by one and the same 

 organ is in conformity with the usual operations of the ani- 

 mal economy, in which, while provision is made to accom 

 plish some purpose of primary importance by an organ 

 the same apparatus, or the product resulting from its action 

 secures some further secondary use in the system. (See 

 LIVER, and for a more detailed account of the nature 

 source, and office of the bile, consult Hostock's l\lc.m<-n!s <>/ 

 /'tii/sinliiffi/ : Riehcrand s l-.lrnii'ntx nf y/ii/.s/-./""-!/, with 

 Notes by Dr. James Copland; and Mai:- in Elc- 



mentaire de Phyiinftigie.) 

 BILEDULGORID. [See BEI.KP.] 

 B1LIMBI, or BLIMBING, the Malayan mine of a 

 species of acid fruit belonging to a genus called Avcrrhoa 

 It is chielly used in pickle-. 



BI LIN, one of the possessions of the princes of Lobkovitz 

 in the must north-west part of Bohemia, close to the Oft 

 and Middle Mountains, is about I US square miles in super 

 ficial extent, with about 8000 inhabitants. The principa. 

 spot in this district is Bilin or Bylina, a small town of about 

 2500 souls, lying on the little river ISila, embosomed m a 

 deep valley, and distant about three miles li,,m ibe baths of 

 Tophi*; it has a cotton-yarn manufactory, a h;n. : 

 church, and a new as well as an antient castle, Ihe 01 

 t lining a collection of minerals, ke., and the other a labora- 

 t<>rv. in which artificial water*, salt*, and magnesia arc pre- 

 1. The environs are remarkable for a , - moun- 



tain, called the Bilmcrstuin, which is lUrroundi 



rocks ; but the place itsel!" is mo-t celebrated for iU springs, 

 which are of to qualities, acidulous and bitter. The 

 spring, an acidulous water, yields -.MM i|iiarts per hour, of 

 tin- heat of 12 Reaumur C.s- 1 1'ahrrnhi'iH: it IN much re- 

 sorted to in cases of spleen, indigestion, scrofula, gout, .Vc , 

 and above C.O.umi quarts of il are annually sent to foreign 

 '.iris. The Bilinerstein afl'ords a nun. 

 well as minerals. 



KILL IN CHANCERY. [Sec EQUITY.] 

 HIM. IN PARLIAMENT, is the nam- any 



uop.,sition introduced into either house for the purpose of 

 jcing passed into a law, lifter which it is called an uct of 

 parliament, or statute of the realm. [See SIATITK.] 



In modern times a bill does not differ in form from an 

 act, except that when first brought in it often pn - 

 blanks for dates, sums of money, &c., which are filled up in 

 its passage through the house. When printed, also, which 

 (with the exception only of naturalization and name lulls. 

 which are not printed ) it is alwaj s ordered to be, cither imme- 

 diately alter it has been read a first time, or at some other 

 early stage of its progress, a portion of it, which may adm.t 

 of being disjoined from the rest, is sometimes distinguished 

 by a dim-rent t) IK.-. But most bills are se\eral time- printr-l 

 in their passage through the two houses. A bill, like an act, 

 has its title, its preamble, usually setting forth ll 

 upi.n which it professes to )>e founded, and then r- 

 eiiacting clauses, the first beginning with the words ' He it 

 enacted by the King's most excellent Majesty, by and with 

 the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, 

 and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and 

 by the authority of the same ;' and each of those that follow 

 with the more simple formula ' And be it further enacted.' 

 The advantage of this is that a bill when made perfect by 

 all its blanks having been filled up, !>econies a law at once, 

 without further alteration or remodelling, on receiving the 

 royal assent. 



Originally, the bills passed by the two houses were intro- 

 duced in the form of petitions, and retained that form when 

 they came to receive the royal assent. The whole of those 

 passed in one session were I lien, after the parliament row, 

 submitted to the judges, to be by them put into the [ , 

 shape of a law. But it was found that in undergoing 

 process the acts, as passed by the parliament, were fre- 

 quently both added to and mutilated. Indeed a great deal 

 of the power of making the law was thus left in the hands 

 of the judges, and of the rojal authority, in so far as ; 

 learned personages might be under its influence. To 

 remedy this evil it was arranged in the reign of Henry V., 

 that tiie statute roll of the session should always be diawi: 

 up before the parliament rose. In the following reign, that 

 of Henry VI., the bill came as now to be prepared in the 

 form of an act. 



Bills are either public or private. In the introduction of 

 a public bill the first motion made in the House of Louis is 

 that the bill be brought in; but in the House of Commons 

 the member who purposes to introduce the hill must first 

 move that leave be given to bring it in. If that motion is 

 carried, the bill is then either ordered to be brought in by 

 certain members, generally not more than two. of whom the 

 mover is one. or a select commit Ice is appointed for that 

 purpose. When the bill is ready, which it frequently is as 

 soon as Ihe motion for leave to bring it in has been agreed 

 to, it is presented at the bar by one of those member- 

 afterwards, upon an intimation from the speaker, brought 

 up by him to the table. The next motion is that it i 

 a first lime: ami this motion is most frequently made im- 

 mediately afier the hill has been brought up. This being 

 carried, a day is appointed for considering the question that 

 the bill be read a second time. The second reading 1 

 carried, it is next moled that the bill he committed, that is', 

 that it be considered clause by clause either in a committee 

 of the whole house, or, if Ihe matter be of less importance, 

 in a select committee. When the committee have finished 

 their labours they make their report through their chairman ; 

 and the next motion is thai the report be received. ]!, 

 modifying the original clauses of the bill, it is in the power 

 of the committee, if they think proper, both to omit certain 

 clauses, and to add others. .Sometimes a bill is ordered to 

 be ic committed, that it may undergo further consideration, 



or that additional alteration! may be made in it. 



:mitl<v ha\;ng been received, the next mo- 

 tion is that the bill be read a third time, and when that is 

 i unied, there is still a further motion, that the bill do i 



