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durable part was taken down, and the whole repaired in 

 ISM. The church lias a curious early English tower, and 

 later b,l fry-story and spire. The cornn vcr is 



is, and there are the remain* of statues which liavo 

 orved for pinnacle*. The pier* of the church, which arc 

 small, hare varied foliage of excellent design and execution, 

 tome late early English, other* very earl? decorated. The 

 transepts and chancel are of later date than the nave; the 

 chancel, Inch is lofty, spacious, and well lighted, is joined 

 by a very fine arch to the body of the church. There are in 

 this church both early English decorated and perpendicular 

 windows. The church has accommodation for 800 persons j 

 thu living is a rectory in the diocese of York worth 1S03/. per 

 annum. Speed mentions a college of St. Mary in this place 

 valued at the Dissolution at 40/. 11*., but Dugdolo Bays 

 only -I', lit.; it seems to have been a guild or chantry. The 

 Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists have places of worship 

 in the town. Thomas Tcalby, gent, who died in ir.l--. 

 loft 100/. to the parish, one half of the interest of which was 

 to be employed in placing poor children at school. With 

 this sum and 15/. additional from other bequests, the 

 churchwardens bought lands, the proportion of the rents 

 from which applicable to the last mentioned purpose is 

 71. 10*. per annum, which is paid to the parish school- 

 master for instructing in reading ten poor children, boys 

 or girls, of tho parish of Bingham, who, as well as the 

 master, are appointed by the parish authorities. The school- 

 master usually affords gratuitous instruction to a few 

 nclilitional children, and ho has many pay scholar*. The 

 overage number of children Is about forty; but there 

 were sixty-one in the school when the commissioners 

 were there in 1828. The above endowment has been in- 

 creased by Id/, per annum, being the interest of a share 

 of ISO/, in the Grantham Canal Navigation, which some 

 inhabitant* of the town bought with the proceeds of several 

 plays which they acted for the benefit of the poor in the 

 severe winter of 1783-4. This amount was not appro- 

 priated to purposes of education until 1827. (Throsby's 

 Additions to Thoroton's Antiquities of Nottinghamshire; 

 Beauties of England and Wales; Rickman's Attempt, f\-c. ; 

 Twenty-first Report of the Commissioners for inquiring 

 concerning Chanties.) 



BINGLEY, a market-town and parish in the wapentake 

 of Skyrack, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 179 miles 

 N.W. from London and 31 miles W.S.W. from York. The 

 name signifies 'the field of Bingelor Bing,' the original pro- 

 prietor in Saxon times. In Domesdav it is called Bing- 

 Aelfia, and was one of thirty-two lordships which the Con- 

 queror gave to Erneis de Burun. It had then six hamlets 

 belonging to it. The manor afterwards went through a 

 great number of hands, and was ultimately bought in 1668 

 by Robert Benson, Esq., whose son was created Lord Bing- 

 ley by Queen Anne, whose descendant in the female line 

 is the present proprietor. The town is pleasantly situated 

 on an eminence between the river Aire and the Leeds and 

 Liverpool Canal. It is tolerably well built, partly of brick 

 nnd partly of stone, and consists chiefly of one long street, 

 in which the market is held on Tuesdays. The market 

 was granted by King John at the instance of the then pro- 

 prietor, William de Gant. The fairs are on the 25th Ja- 

 nuary and the 25th, 2Cth, and 27th of August. The parish 

 of Binglev at present consists of four hamlets, namely, Bing- 

 lev. Harden, Mickclthwaite, and Morton, the three first of 

 which constitute one township, and Morton another. These 

 hamlets provide for their own poor separately, but join in 

 the support of the church according to their population. 

 The number of houses in the township of Binglev, Harden, 

 an-1 Micklethwaite, was 1606 in 1831, and the population 

 amounted to 803G persons, of whom 4037 were females. This 

 w 1861 higher than at the census of 1821, and the great 

 increase is attributed to the extension of the worsted and 

 Bttin" manufactures. The population of the whole parish was 

 Tlic manufacture of worsted yarn is carried on to a 

 considerable extent in the town and neighbourhood, besides 

 which there are some cotton-spinning concerns, a paper 

 manufactory, and some trade in malt. The church dcdi- 

 tn Alf Soul* was given to the priory of Drax by V> ':! 

 lism 1'aganoll, the founder, in the time of Archbishop 

 Thurstan, who held the sec "f York from 111!) to 1117. It 

 i a plain and dwctit structure, accommodating 500 persons. 

 It was probably restored in thu r. i>_n of Henry VIII., which 

 Wliit ihe tura in whi< 



of the churches of this district were enlarged and adorned. 



The devout liberality of the people, which had previously 

 exhausted itsolf in benefaction* to monastic establishment*, 

 then directed itself to the improvement of the parish 

 ehureho*, which had been comparatively neglected. The 

 living is a discharged vicarage in the diocese of York. It it 

 m the gift of the crown, and the annual income i* estimated 

 at 233/. in the recent report of tho commiioner* for in- 

 quiring into ecclesiastical revenue* j but this is somewhat 

 overrated ; the income arises principally from Barter due*. 

 There are also in the town chapels for the Methodist*. Bap- 

 ti*U, and Independent*. In tho reign of Henry VIII. 

 William Wooler devised certain lands, the rents to be ap- 

 propriated towards enabling a schoolmaster to teach grammar 

 within tho town of Bingley. The commissioners who in- 

 quired into the state of this charity in 1622 vested the power 

 of appointing and removing the master, and of recr 

 the rents, in a committee of tho inhabitants ; and decreed 

 that the muter, besides being competent to bring up hi* 

 pupils in the doctrines of Christianity, must be ' of a vir- 

 tuous and reformed course of conversation, no light or dis- 

 ordered person, and industrious and diligent in teaching, 

 and moderate and discreet in his correction*.' The endow- 

 ment, a* increased by subsequent benefactions, produced 

 about 37S/. per annum at the time of the commisiioners' 

 visit; tho income is received by the master, who also occu- 

 pies a good house and garden belonging to the institution ; 

 but the master has to pay 45/. out of the entire amount to 

 the poor, and gives a salary of 80/. to the usher. The net 

 income to the master, after paying the charities to the poor 

 and the usher, doe* not now exceed 2iO/. The Charity 

 Commissioners, who were there in 1 82fi, say, ' the present 

 master used to receive and educate boarders, but ha* lately 

 discontinued to do so. In his time the school ha* been at- 

 tended occasionally by between twenty and thirty free 

 scholars at a time, but there wero ten free scholars only in 

 the school at the time of this inquiry. The boys src taught 

 reading, writing, and account*, at a moderate charge, 

 and they are instructed in English and in the principles 

 of religion.' We are informed that from twenty to thirty 

 free scholars is the general number attending the school'; 

 the circumstance of there being only ten at the time of 

 the Commissioners' inquiry was a rare occurrence. Tliu 

 school is strictly a grammar-school ; and writing and ac- 

 counts are only taught for the accommodation of the inha- 

 bitants. There is also a large national school in the town. 

 (Whitaker's History of Craven; Beauties of England 

 and Wales; Seventeenth Report f the Commissioner! for 

 inquiring concerning Charities; Communication from 

 Kinsley, &o.) 



BINNACLE, an article used on board ship which con- 

 tains the compass. It is placed next the steersman, nd is 

 divided into compartments for containing an hour-glass and 

 a lamp. In order that the compass may remain unaffected 

 by any local cause, the binnacle is not put together with 

 nails or any iron work. Bittaole, being an abbreviation of 

 tho French word habitacle, a small habitation, wa* the 

 name formerly given to this article, and it is o called in 

 Johnson's Dictionary : but it is now written binnacle. 



BINO'CULUS (zoology), Geoflroy, Leach : Aj,tis, Scop., 

 Cuv., Litr. : f.imulits. Mull. Lam.; Monoculus, Linn. 

 Fabr. Of these names, Apui is that now generally ap- 

 plied to a genus of phyllopodou* crustaceans inhabiting 

 fresh-water ditches, pools, and stagnant water*. They are 

 gregarious and occur often in innumerable quantities. 

 Sometimes whole swarms are swept away by violent wind*. 

 and have been seen to fall like rain. The'spring and the 

 commencement of summer are the seasons when they are 

 most commonly found; and they often appear suddenly in 

 great numbers in accidental rain-water puddles where 

 never have been before seen, as well as in ponds. They 

 grow rapidly, feed freely on tadpoles, are all provided with 

 eggs, though naturalists have not as yet been able to dis- 

 tinguish the sexes, and some consider that they can repro- 

 duce the species without the aid of a second individual. 

 The eggs are supposed to preserve the living principle for a 

 long time in a dry state: and this would account for their 

 sudden appearance in great number* in places where a fall 

 of rain has formed a pool in a situation previously dry. 

 u-radually arrive at the perfect development of their 

 organs by a succession of moults. M. Valenciennes re- 

 marks that they are often devoured by the common wagtail, 

 vncric name Btltomka appears to be unnecessary, 

 and that given by Scopuli should be restored; the true 



