B 1 R 



4(52 



R I R 



twenty-three inches on il 19. The inside at the 



Urge end it throe inches diameter, being perforated there 

 so as to leave tho thirl.m -- .mly of half an inch for about 

 three inches deep ; but farther in it is thicker, being not so 

 much or so neatly perforated.' Such a horn might indeed 

 h.ive cr>mnod the head of Caesar's Unit, n species which we 

 believe with Cuvier to be extinct: and it will be no unin- 

 : mg investigation to inquire what species or variety 

 afforded some of those antient horns which bore so promi- 

 nent a part in many of the old conveyances.* 



II A ing endeavoured to demonstrate that Ceesar's Urua 

 was not the European Jtiwn, we proceed to show that the 

 common ox and the latter, so far from being derived one 

 from the other, are descended from two distinct species 

 equally antient, ami which have existed in our climates at 

 epochs more or less distant and perhaps at the same lime. 

 Daubeuton, Cuvier, and Gilibert have, we think, sufficiently 

 ! th:-. From them it appears that the Aurochs or 

 European Bison has fourteen pairs of ribs, while the ox has 

 but thirteen, and tho< the legs of the aurochs are more 

 slender and longer than those of the ox and true bufl'alo. 

 The European bison, moreover, has but five lumbar verte- 

 brae, while the other oxen, with the exception of the Ame- 

 rican bison, which has only four according to Cuvier, pos- 

 sess six. 



' The front of the common ox,' says Cuvier, ' is flattened, 

 and even in a small degree concave ; that of the aurochs 

 'is rounded into convexity (bombe), though rather less than 

 that of the buffalo. It is square in the ox, its height being 

 nearly equal 1 > its breadth, taking for its base an imagi- 

 nary line between the orbits. In the aurochs, with the 

 same mode of measurement, it is much broader than it is 

 hijh, in the proportion of three to one. The horns are 

 attached, in the ox, to the extremities of the most elevated 

 salient line of the head, that, namely, which separates the 

 occiput from the front ; in the aurochs this line is two 

 inches further back than the root of the horns. The plane 

 of the occiput makes a sharp angle with the front in the ox ; 

 this angle is obtuse in the aurochs, and lastly this quad- 

 rangular plane of the occiput, as it i in the ox, represents 

 a hall' circle in the aurochs.' 



The figures here given were taken from the skull of the 

 European Bison or Aurochs in the museum at Paris. 



ihods of transferring inheritance* in use with 

 , iii. p. I, ct BCII/,, ' was that of conreylnif 

 nrin Pee, or in S,-i j,.:iirr> 



'Amangsl 



our ancestors,' 



them liy .1 liorn 



films, abbot ofCroyUud, |i... he burn amongst thine - 



whereby land! were rUM-\e<t in ihe c, 



Tib words are too rDarjpbl> occasion. " Conferebantur 



etiam |.rimo mult.i p : ij.tu V el charta. tamum cum 



dumiut gladin, \.-l yal-'fi, \vl r<rnn,\el crateri* ; ft plurima t'-m-in.'in.i mm 



calcari, cum strigili, cum ami. et uonnulia cum sa^'itu." At tirit, says 



Inigulpliui, speaking of llic Conqueror's time. many estate* v 



by bare word of mouth, without any writing or charier, onU liy the hud's 



word, or helmet. tr Hum, or LMIII; and many tenements by a spur, a 



<i lx>w, and home liy an arrow.' 



Tlic- following arcounl of the Bontal horn il given in the tliinl vc 

 tht flrcfi*<>li*)ta. 



Kdward thf Confessor had a royal palace at Brill, or iln-hul, in Ducks to 

 which he often retired fcir thr pleasure of huntini: in his forest of Hernno<l. 

 Tills for-st, it ii said, as raurh Infested by a iid tmai. ohirh .. at last 

 slain by one N if cl, a hunUnuin, : ''i- kinj,' ; 



and fur the reward th<- kinc n\f to him one hyde of UnHe. railed I > 

 ant a wood r.rlle.l Ilulewoi'.e. with the custody of the fiitent of Bnnwood, to 

 1...M to him and his heirs per annni cornu. qnod est charla pnedicta foresM. 

 liljinol hum as all along preserved by the lords of BorsUl under tlie 

 i horn, and is now ( 1773) in thf poMeuion of John Aubrey, 

 Ksq , son and In ir of Sir Thomas Aubrey, Bart., to whom this estate has do- 

 eended without alienation or forfeiture, from U-f.ire Ihe r<m<|uesl to the 

 present time, by several hein female from Ihe family of Nii'd to thai of Au- 

 brey. (ArrHmlogil, ill. 15.) 



Of still more antient date is the Pusey horn (Archtfol. vol. iiiO.'a real ox- 

 li'Tli two feet i.ne half iur! ; uniferenca in thr largest i 



fool. In the middle nine Inehn one-tiurth, at the small end two inches one- 

 ll.urth.' f) a ring of silver (fill that girt it was the following Inscription : 



' Kynjj Knowde (Canute*) ffeve Wyllyam Pewse 

 This home to bolde by thy loud. 1 



Ilu^lr -horn ill orrnr in every one as brin g derived from (</ or Imnla. 

 Tkus Johnsoti, word 'bugle, bugle-horn,' write*' from buTCn, Saxon, to 

 tteod. Jiinnit: fn-t:i Ii ; r<il.T, I^it-. a heifer. Skinner; fiom buiile, the bonnsus, 

 :> uttinl that the term of the bea<t should lie ,i]>pl:i>d In the 

 id ..n!,.i.,,d Joluixm writes 'old IV (MUM, bM, le> 

 A linll in llampthite i, railed a bttglr.' 

 Chaucer thus writes In his Frankeleins Tale,' 



The bitter fro.t with Ilw slidder rain* 

 Destroyed hath the itreene in every yen). 

 Janus sit by tb< Ire with douhle herd. 

 And driuketh of hisbugle I- in.- the uiue, 

 llcCum him nUint lirawne of the tusked slo.' 



It is worthy of note that Littleton, word Mson. rails that beMt a Inujle 

 We are well aware that many of these antient hora*> that al Turk affords a 

 AM example wet* of iron and richly carted; but we bare selected the li> 

 haras abort described because they clearly Moxed la sow auimal ut tl.e 

 genus hi, though certainly not to the European bison or aurochs. 



[Prtillicofthi- tamo.) 



But this must have been a younjf animal, as will be seen 

 from comparing the representation of its skull with that of 

 the patriarch that died at Schiinbrunn. 



[Skull of old European Bison.fr ml vw 



(Pronlt ..I Iht lame.) 



