T A L 



16 



T A L 



the immense number of widely removed character* and 

 everts of which In- was tin- contemporary. It may be said 

 on tlio one hand that he accomplished nothing which time 

 did not in a manner brine; about ; but on the other it may 

 be said, with equal plausibility, that scarcely any of the 

 leadn A Inch have occurred in France in his day 



would base taken the exact shape they assumed hud no't 

 his hand interfered to give them somewhat of a bias or 

 direction. Next to Napoleon, he certainly is the most 

 extraordinary man the revolutionary period of France has 

 given birth to. 



udes rt Portraits Politiquei, par A. Mignet, Brux- 

 elles, 1841, pp. 131-194; Rapport sur iln\truftion 1'ub- 

 liquefait an nom du Comiti de Constitution d FAssemblce 

 Rationale, let 10, 11, et 19 Septrmbrf, 1791, par M. de 

 Talleyrand, Paris, 1791-4; Klinburyh Jtfrieir, voU. vi. 

 and vii. ; Menwira par Etienne de Dumont ; Correspon- 

 dence beticeen the Envoyt of the American States ana M. 

 tie Talleyrand, Minister for Foreign Affairs m i'rance, 

 London, 1798, 12mo. ; Considerations sur lex jjnnripnit.r 

 frenrments de la Revolution Franpaise, par Mme. la Ba- 

 ronne de Stael ; Dix Annies <FKril, par la imlme ; Mt- 

 mnires par A. L. F. de Bourrienne, Pans et Londres, 1831 ; 

 Mrmt,rt'il de Si. Ileltnf ; Mf moires pour serrir a I'Hit- 

 toire de France sou* Napoleon, par MM. les GG. Mon- 

 tholon et Gourgaud ; Kloge de fa. le Comte de Reinhard 

 prononci a /'.trutlemie <lei< Srience* Morales tt Poliliques, 

 par M. le Prince de Talleyrand, dans la Seance du 3 

 Mars, 1838, Paris, 1838.) 



TALLIS, THOMAS, who is considered the patriarch of 

 English cathedral music, was born at about the same 

 period as the famous Italian ecclesiastical composer 

 Palc&trina, whose birth took place in the year 152!). 



It hits been slated, but most probably erroneously, that 

 Fallis was organist to Henry V 111. and his successors. 

 He undoubtedly was a gentleman of the chapel to Edward 

 VI. and Mary ;" and under Elizabeth the place of organist 

 wan added to his other office. He seems to have devoted 

 himself wholly to the duties of the church, for his name 

 does not appear to anything in a secular form. His entire 

 Service, including prayers, responses, Litany, ami nearly 

 nil of a musical kind comprised in our liturgy, and in use 

 in our cathedrals, appears in Dr. Boyce's Collection, to- 

 gether with an anthem which has lone; been in high repute 

 with the admirers of severe counterpoint. Hut tor the 

 smaller parts of his Service he was indebted to Peter 

 Marbeek, organist of Windsor, who certainly is entitled to 

 the credit of having added those solemn notes to the 

 suffrages and responses which, under the name of Tallis, 

 are still retained in our choirs, nnd listened to with reve- 

 rential pleasure. [MARHECK.] 



In l.~>7.~> Tallis published, in conjunction with his pupil, 

 Bird (or Byrde), Cantinni-x Sacra; master-pieces of their 

 kind; and these are rendered the more remarkable from 



Pig. 1. 



having Ix-en pr. twenty-one year* by a patent 



from l^ncen Kh/abcth, the first of the kind that e\er was 

 granted. One of these. 'O sacrum con v mum,' was adapted 

 bv Dean Alilrich to the words - I call and I the 



above-mentioned anthem, which still continues hi 1 

 quently performed in most of our cathedials. Two more 

 of his anthems are (irinted in Dr. Arnold's Collection. 



Tallis died in 15x5, and was buried in the parish church 

 of Greenwich, in the chancel of which Strypc. in his con- 

 tinuation of Stowe's Surri-ij. tells us he saw a brass plate, 

 on which was engraved, in old English letter, an epitaph, 

 in four stanzas of four lines each, giving a luicf historj of 

 this renowned composer. The plate was carried awy, 

 and most likely sold by weight, by some barbarian, when 

 the church wax repaired about a century ago. The verse* 

 are to be found in Hawkins, Burney, and most other pub- 

 lications relating to English church music. 

 TAI.I.mV. [FAT.] 



TALLOW, MINERAL or MOUNTAIN. [HjLKittini*.] 

 TALLOW -TKKK. ( Si ,M.IN<;IA.] 

 TALLY. This word appears to be derived from the 

 French taille, or /.////</, each of which expresses tin 

 of cutting or notching. 



The use of notched sticks or tallies may be traced to 

 very remote period, and there that 



they were among the earliest nn-ai;- dc\iscd for keeping 

 accounts. Some writers conceive that the Greek syniboluiii 

 (avpfioXov) was in some cases a species of tally, which was 

 used between contracting parties; being broken in two. 

 and one-half given to each. In the Pictorial Bible" 

 (note oaEzi-k. xxxvii. 31 . much curious information is 

 brought together on the subject of writing or marking 

 with notches upon sticks. The writer of that note refers 

 to the tablets of wood called a.rones, upon which the 

 Athenians inscribed the laws of Solon, and to the pi:: 

 of the antient Britons, who, he says. used to cut their 

 alphabet with a knife upon a stick, which, thus inscribed, 

 was called CtH'Ibrrii tj Hi'ird'l. "the billet of signs of the 

 bards," or the Bardic alphabet.' ' And not only.' In 

 tilliies. 'weie the alphabets such, but compositions and 

 memorials were registered in the same manner.' These 

 sticks, he adds, were commonly squared. but weie sometimes 

 tliree-siiled ; each side, in either case, containing one line of 

 writing. A cut which accompanies the note from win 

 quote, shows the manner of mounting several such inscribed 

 sticks in a fi.inie. su that they might 1 

 Another illustration, of later date, is the el- 

 described by Dr. Plot, in ItiSli. ns still common in Slatl'ord- 

 shire. Such calendars, which had the various days marked 

 by notches of different forms and si 



made small enough to carry in the pocket, and sometiiiiiTt 

 larger, for hanging up in 'the h :nilar cal. 



are saul to have been formerly used in Sweden. Perhaps 

 the most curious of the illustrations collected in the notu 



I. d. d. d. rf.rf.rf. rf. 



11 11*4 1 1 1 1 i i 



i i i 



S.10U Krivr-l'ule UM-d la the I tie of PoitUnd. 



Kg. 2. 



Ux>:ii-i|i-r Tally. 



referred to is the Saxon Reive-Pole, which either is, or ha 

 been down to a iod, used in the Isle of Portland 



l-ir collecting the yearly rent paid to the king as lord 

 of the manor. This rent", which amounts to 14/. 14*. 3d., 

 in collected by the reive, or steward, every Michaelmas; 

 the sum which each person has to pay being scored upon 

 a squared pole, a portion of which is represented in the 

 subjoined cut, with figures to mark the amount inch 

 by each notch. The black circle at the top,' oh 

 the work from wliich we quote, denotes the parish of 



Southwell, and that side of the , ount 



of the lax paid by the parishioners: each pci-on\ account 



divided from that of Ins neighbour b\ t) 

 indentation* between each. In the present instance the 

 first pays :>}</., the .- -'/. the n.At one laylhiug, 



and soon.' The other hide of the pole which is n 

 seilteit in the cut is a] to file parish ,,f \Vnkcm, 



of which the cross within a circle is the ili-tnntue mark. 



The talli. ' the K\dieijiier (one of which is 



represented by fig. 'i) answered the purpose of receipt* 



