T.A L 



! the jaws terminates ir 

 middle iHisrer and n. 

 than the other two. The 



18 TA.L 



i the means of a long bladebone, and sustains 



edtre clavicle, carric* a: 



d by which is always tr.nn.-il outwaro* or hackwa 



Skoleton of Mol. (IV BliinTilR) Th uuchal U>n and vxcxnry cnrral n!t>f shaped be 



living form has the compressed phalangeal bout 1 -. MTU in 

 4^ljHp except the mole. The second phalanx of the nn- 

 dieits or fincersof the mole is the only known living 

 analogue of the similar bone in the hind-foot of Glyplodon. 

 The sternum, like that of the birds ami bats, has ;m ele- 

 vation or crest affording room for the laru'e pectoral mus- 

 cles. The pelvis anil hinder extremities are comparatively 

 feeble. The bones of the ptibi- med. 



This bony framework is set in motion by very powerful 

 muscles. Those of the anterior extremities. I In 

 and the neck are most \ ,d in the cei\i<-:il ]ii.'a- 



nient a peculiar bone is even formed. The wide hand, 

 which is the great instrument of action, and perl'omis the 

 offices of a pickaxe and shovel, i< sharp-edited on its 

 lower margin, and, when clothed with the integuments, the 

 fingers are hardly distinguishable, but the terminating 

 claws project lone, stronir. flat, and trenchant. 



us compare for a moment the bats with the moles 

 with reference to their locomotion. Both are insecti- 

 vorous, but how widely different in their conformation. 

 The bat has to winnow its way through the air: the mole, 

 like the bat, has to react against a triven medium, a very 

 different one, certainly ; and is endowed with a pn- 

 moving- through that medium by means of a modification 

 of the locomotive organs beautifully adapted to its den- 

 sity. Instead of the lengthened bones of the forearm tlmt 

 so well assist the bat to make its way with outstretched 

 wing through the air. all in this part or tile organization of 

 the mole is short and compact, to enable it to bore through 

 the dense medium where it is to live and move and have 

 its being. The development is all anterior : the fore part 

 of the mole forms an elongated cone ; the posterior part is 

 narrow and small, and the whole of its proportions are 

 admirably fitted to :i- '> speak, in flyme: through 



the earth. The long and almost i da. the ex- 



panded humerus, the enormous power, in short, of the an- 

 terior extremities, and the great strength and compart m-s 

 of the fingers, are all fitted for the diircim: duty they have 

 to do. Add to this a soft short-cut velvety eont. to which no 

 particle of soil ever adheres, and yon have the perfection 

 of organization for rapid proirrc^s through the ground. 



Nor is it void of interest to observe tin- niceties of adap- 

 tation according to circumstances. The CHRYSOCHI.OIUS 

 (Tuljift inireii of the older authors) is an inhabitant of 

 Africa, and burrows in and. This medium required a 

 modification of organization different from that required 

 to permeate the heavier soils, and we have it. Though 

 some of the bones are strong, the general strength i les- 

 than in the common .Mole. The principal burrowing in- 

 strument is the great double anterior toe (ring-In 

 and there is an enormous development of the pMtbnn 

 bone. 



In the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 

 London, No. 2R2 G, of the V 1 

 the anterior half of the body o /'.;/// I'.m 



Linn.\ in which the diaphiairni and principal muse 

 the right extremity are directed and exposed, as illus- 

 trative of one of the principal structure* for burrowinir. 



Nervou* Syttem am? The muzzle of 



the mole is evidently a delicate organ of touch, and that 

 sense is considerably developed in the large and broad 

 hands and feet. Neither is the tail without a considerable 

 share of sensation, to give notice to the animal of the 

 approach of any attack from behind. 





.Jden 



Taxtf and Smell. 1\ . 



especially the latter, appear 



Xight. Almost rudimentary. ThellUll 

 in the fur. that its . 

 denied. It appears to be designed for o]> 

 warning to the animal on its emcrcinLT in; 

 indeed more acute vision would on 

 cumbrauce. No. 1772 



'he anterior part of a us 



Linn.', showing the minute circular palpehml o 

 defended by the short thick fur. 



lli'iiriiiff. Hut if the siirht be imperfect, the. bcn^e of 

 hearint: is very highly developed, and the tympamu:. 

 though them 



jet-ting concha. No. 1UI8. in the department > 

 museum of the Royal Colleirc of Iv. 

 to, exhibits the anterior part of a mole ( '/'/// tin 

 Linn.), from which the hair has been removed, to show the 

 external orifices of the cars and eyes, in both of which 

 bristles are placed. No. KiO'J i* also the anttrm 

 of the same animal with the fur left on, showing the 

 entrance to the meatus auditorius externus unprovided 

 with a projecting concha, or external car, which would 

 be an impediment in the act of burrowing, and an unnc- 

 y appendage : the meatus is defended in this animal. 

 which lives habitually in the soil, by the smallncss <>t the 

 external opening. John Hunter, in his M>inu\crijil 



. introductory of this part of th. 

 an external concha is not to be found in ma 

 whose life is principally led underground, uch as the 

 mole; and perhaps because the earti rably 



in vibration. 



There is nothing that calls for anv particular notice in the 

 lnrxliri< Sif.\/i'/n of the Mole. The alimentary cnnal i-. 

 short, simple, without a caecum. The \oracity of the 

 mole corresponds with the activity and rape. 



(rftirriitirp /n/il I'rimtry Ni/v/^m. No. 'J.~><t.~i < 

 Phvsioloi:!' ' '/'/''. exhi! 



mole with the abdomen laid open to show the testes as 

 they appear in winter. They are lodged in large cremas- 

 jioiiehcs in the perinu'al rcirion. nuikinir no ]>rojec- 

 tion externally. The risrht tcstis i> dr.-ivHi into the 

 abdomen by the Mile of the bladder, and it 

 extremity mav be seen attached to the u\\ 

 the let) testis has its anterior extremity proji 

 the abdominal cavity. Tip 

 sist (.l':i!i ;iLT_ r i'i'::atc of cii-cal tubes, are just 

 the bladtler. No. 'i"<(Mi is :i nude killed in 

 prepared t<> show the increased 

 commencing sexual ilex clopment of the ] 

 No. 'J."m7 m a mole Killed in the bci'i 

 1'iepared to ..how n further increase oi 



\ prostatic L'lantl-: the latter h:i>e now iitl\:ini-cil 

 forw:i -h side of the urinary bladdei 1 . >o 



encompass its neck : the left tr-tis li;t.s 1 

 into the alxlomeii, and IK 



mn-.teric jioiich tlis]i!nyed. No. i~><JS is a mole killed 

 about the Litter end of March, and dissected to show the 

 rouij. |.m. nt of ' 



The lone penis and r 



'J509 is a mole whuh 



WHS killed in mituiim. p v the collapsed 



state of the tete, and the atrophied cond 





I'hintl 



and 

 1 ac- 



