

T A M 



25 



T A M 



deserving; a prominent position in the shrubbery. The 

 hardy species do not require much care in their cultiva- 

 tion. They will grow in almost any soil or situation, and 

 may be propagated by cuttings planted out in the open 

 ground either in the spring; or autumn, where they will 

 ivadily strike root. Those requiring heat and protection 

 thrive best in a soil composed of loam and peat, and may 

 also be propagated by cuttings placed in sand under a 



TAMATIA, Cuviers name for the Puff-Birds. 



Mr. Swainson, in addition to his description in the 

 Zifilinfii-nl II I uxl rations, speaking of these birds in his 

 -ays, that they sit for hours together on a 

 dead or withered branch, from which they dart upon such 

 insects as come sufficiently near, and that the Hermit 

 birds '.Mij/iau'i, Vieill.) have similar habits. [BARBKTS, 

 'O 1 . m., p. 434: KINGFISHERS, vol. xiii., p. 227.1 



TAMAULIPAS. [MKXICAN STATES.] 



TAMBOW, a province of Great Russia, is situated be- 

 :i 51 30' and 55 20' N. lat, and between 39 40' and 

 43 40" E. long. The area is 24,200 square miles, and the 

 population 1,600,000. It is bounded on the north by 

 Xischnei-Xovgorod, and for a very small distance on the 

 north-west by Wladimir ; on the south by \Voronesh : on 

 t!ie west by Riasan, Tula, and Orel ( by the two last for a 

 very small distance); and on the < ast by Penza. 



This government is a uniformly level country, without 

 mountains, large rivers, or considerable lakes : on the 

 north there are great forests and on the south extensive 

 steppes. The soil in the northern half is sandy, marshy. 

 and poor : in the southern part it mostly consists of loam 

 or black mould, and is fertile and productive. The 

 steppes produce excellent pasturage, and when they have 

 been brought under cultivation, make good arable land: 

 they are designated as steppes only because they are 

 destitute of wood. The river Oka enters the government 

 1'rom Riasan, but passes only through one circle, where it is 

 joined by the Mokscha, a considerable stream of which the 

 Xna is a tributary. The Oka runs northwards to join the 

 Volga. Another great Russian river, the Don, pusses 

 through a small part of the government. In the forests 

 on the north there are marshes which might easily be 

 d. The mineral-waters at Lepetzk are celebrated 

 and much frequented. The climate is temperate and 

 healthy, but. colder in winter than in Tula and Riasan, 

 which seems to be owing to the slope of the open plains 

 being towards the north. 



The northern part of Tambow has a poor soil, but 

 the south is very fertile, and this province ought to be 

 a corn country if a better system of cultivation were 

 introduced. In the south the land does not require to 

 lie tallow, and needs no manure, but acquires from the 

 feeding of cattle sufficient strength to produce fresh crops, 

 which generally yield from five to ten fold. In the north 

 nd is indeed not manured, but after yielding five or six 

 must be tallow for some years ; and then it produces 

 from three to five fold. All kinds of corn usually grown in 

 Russia arc raised, wheat, rye, oats, millet, and buckwheat, 

 and other pulse ; poppies, great quantities of hemp, 

 bat barley, flax, and hemp are cultivated only in some 

 rircles. Horticulture is in a very backward state, for though 

 there are many gardens, only the most ordinary vege- 

 tables are cultivated ; some hops are grown in the gar- 

 dens, but, there is little fruit, and that of the most ordi- 

 nary kinds. Though the forests are so extensive, it is 

 only in the northern circles that there is sufficient wood 

 for fuel and building. The crown forests supply timber for 

 tin- navy : in their vicinity the inhabitants arc for the 

 part carpenters, coopers, and cartwrights. or em- 

 d in making pitch, tar, lamp-black, ami charcoal. 

 The breeding of cattle is carried on I \init 



in the in, and meadows ol' tin The 



steppe from Tambow to Nova fthopertaSaja-Krepi 

 covered with immense herds of oxen and horses. Oxen 

 .sed for draught, and great numbers are fattened for 

 exportation. Sheep and swine are bred in great numbers. 

 but the wool of the sheep is i urn the 



breed has been improved by the importation of merinos. 

 Domestic poultry suffices for the consumption of the in- 

 habitant*: tin re is little same, and fish is by no means 

 plentiful. Among the wild animals are the marmot and 

 the ham*: f bees are kept. The mine- 



ral product* arc lime, freestone, iron, and some saltpetre. 

 P. C., No. 1491. 



The manufactures of this government are unimportant : 

 the peasantry barely make their own clothing : in some 

 parts they manufacture wooden utensils, and agricultural 

 implements, which they take to the fairs. A great advance 

 has however been made within the last twenty-five years. 

 The brandy-distilleries are numerous. The export trade 

 in the products of the country is very considerable. The 

 principal articles are wheat (1,200,000 chetwerts, or 864,000 

 English quarters', cattle, hone}', tallow (400,000 poods, or 

 about 500 English cwt.), butter, cheese, wool, hemp, 

 iron, brandy, hides, coarse cloth, and wooden wares. Pro- 

 perly speaking there is no great commercial town. Tam- 

 bow, Selatma, and Morschansk alone have some com- 

 merce with foreign countries. 



The great majority of the inhabitants are Russians. 

 There are some thousands of converted Tartars and Mord- 

 wins, and a few gypsies. These Tartars and Mordwins live 

 in the same manner as the Russians, but retain their own 

 dialect, and live apart from the Russians, and generally 

 intermarry with their own people. The religion of the 

 Mohammedan Tartars requires a different mode of life. 

 Among these various nations the Tartars are the most 

 civilised, have the most knowledge, and the purest morals, 

 and enjoy the most prosperity. 



Education is at a low ebb. According to Schnitzler, 

 only 1 put of 323 of the population receives any school 

 instruction. The only printing-office belongs to the 

 government. 



The Greek church is under, the bishop of Tambow and 

 Schazk, who has in his dioeese 739 parishes and monas- 

 teries. The Mohammedan Tartars have their mosques, 

 imams, and teachers. 



TAMBOW, the capital of the government, is situated 

 nearly in the centre of the province, on the river Zna, in 

 52 44' N. lat. and 41 45' E. long. It is a large town, 

 with 20,000 inhabitants, and was founded in 1030, as 

 a bulwark against the Nogay Tartars. Scarcely any traces 

 of the antient fortifications now remain. There is nothing 

 remarkable in the town, which has however been much 

 improved in its appearance since the beginning of this 

 century. Almost all the houses are built of wood : tne 

 principal buildings are the monastery of Our Lady of 

 Casan, in which there are two churches ; seven stone and 

 six wooden churches, the gymnasium, and the civil hospital. 

 There is a military school, founded and endowed by the 

 nobility in 1802, a seminary for priests, and a district, 

 school. The bishop resides in this city. The inhabitants 

 manufacture shawls, kersey, sailcloth, cordage, and woollen 

 cloth ; and there is an Imperial alum and vitriol manu 

 factory. The inhabitants carry on some trade, but their 

 chief occupation is agriculture. 



The following are the other chief towns. Jelatma, the 

 most northerly town in the government, situated on the 

 left bank of the Oka, carries on by means of that river a 

 very great trade with Moscow : it has ten churches, eight 

 of which are of stone : the inhabitants, 6000 in number, 

 have some manufactures of woollen cloth, vitriol, and sul- 

 phur. Koslow, situated on the Lesnoi Woronesh, has 

 above 8000 inhabitants, who follow various trades and 

 professions: near the town is the convent Troitzkoi, where 

 a great annual fair is held. There are eight churches, of 

 which five are of stone : the principal trade of the town 

 is in oxen, salt, meat, and hides. Lipetsk, on the Woro- 

 nesh, near the north extremity of the government of that 

 name, a town with 0500 inhabitants, is celebrated for its 

 mineral-waters, which were first used in the reign of Peter 

 the Great. Morschansk, a town of 6000 inhabitants, situ- 

 ated on the Zna, has manufactures of linen, sail-cloth, 

 cordage, and tallow, and a brisk trade in corn, cattle, arid 

 'Hassel, d'eography ; Stein; Horschelman ; Schu- 

 bert : Schnitzler.) 



TAMBURI'NI, PIETRO, born at Brescia, in 1737, 

 studied in his native town, took holy orders, and was 

 made professor of philosophy, and afterwards of theology, 

 in the episcopal seminary of Brescia. After filling those 

 chairs for twelve years, he was invited to Rome, where 

 Clement XIV. (Ganganelli) made him director of the 

 studies of the Irish College, in which situation lie remained 

 for six years. In 1778 he was recalled to Lombardy by 

 the empress Maria Theresa, and appointed professor of 

 theology in the university of Pavia, and at the same time 

 director of the studies of the German Hungarian college 

 in that city, and also censor of the press. In 1795 he was 



VOL. XXIV. E 



