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Ethelfleda the mound on which the present ruins of the 

 castle stand, but the ruins themselves are of later date. 

 An old ditch, yet visible, called 'the king's dyke,' which 

 surrounds the town on three sides, is supposed by Shaw to 

 be of yet greater antiquity than the time of Edward. In 

 the Saxon Chronicle' the town is called Tamaweorthige, 

 Tameweorthige, Tamanweorthe, or Tamweorthe : in other 

 antient writings the orthography is still further varied. 

 The place is not described in ' Domesday ;' but the 'bur- 

 gense-,' burgesses.) of Tamworth, are mentioned in that 

 record, in the notice of other places. 



After the Conquest, the castle and adjacent territory 

 were granted to Robert Marmion, hereditary champion to 

 the dukes of Normandy ; and afterwards, on the extinction 

 of the male line of his family in the time of Edward I., 

 passed to the family of Frevile. The castle now belongs 

 to Marquis Townshend. Sir Walter Scott has enumerated 

 'Tamworth tower and town' among the possessions of his 

 fictitious Marmion : but the family had become extinct 

 long before, as observed by Sir Walter in the Appendix to 

 his poem. 



The town stands on the north bank of the rivers Tame 

 and Anker, just at their junction, and consists of several 

 streets not very regularly laid out. The streets are paved, 

 but had not been lighted when the Municipal Boundary 

 Commissioners' Report was drawn up (Parl. Papfrx j'<n- 

 1837) ; the inhabitants were however about to assess 

 themselves for the purpose. 'The church is a large and 

 handsome edifice, with a fine tower, and a crypt under 

 part of the church. Some portions are of decorated date, 

 and some perpendicular, and both good: some of the 

 windows have hud very fine tracery. In the tower is a 

 curious double staircase, one from the inside and one from 

 without, each communicating with a different set of floors 

 in the tower.' iRickman's Gothic Architecture.) The 

 remains of the castle are on a mound close to the Tame : 

 they are of various periods, and some modern buildings 

 have been added to adapt the whole to the purposes of a 

 modern residence: the eastle commands a fine prosperl . 

 There art- some Dissenting place* of worship : an alms- 

 house, founded by Guy. the founder of Guy's Hospital in 

 Southwark ; a town-hall, with a small and inconvenient 

 gaol beneath ; and two bridges, one over the Tame, the 

 other over the Anker. 



The population of the municipal borough in 1831 was 

 3537, that of the whole parish (containing several hamlets 

 and townships j 7182. Some manufactures are carried on ; 

 but the whole number of men employed in them in the 

 parish was, in 1831, only 38. Some coals and brick-earth 

 are dug in the neighbourhood, and bricks and tiles are 

 made. The market is on Saturday : there are three char- 

 tered fairs for cattle and merchandise, and several new 

 fairs for cattle only: some of them held at Fazeley in the 

 parish. The Coventry Canal passes near the town. 



Tamworth was a borough by prescription : but the 

 town having declined and ceased to be regarded as a cor- 

 poration, \MIS incorporated anew by letters patent of 

 Queen Elizabeth : the governing charter is one of Charles 

 II. By the Municipal Reform Act the borough has four 

 aldermen and twelve councillors, but is not to have a 

 commission of the peace except on petition and grant. 

 The criminal jurisdiction of the corporation had fallen 

 into disuse before the passing of that act, as well as the 

 court of record : quarter-sessions were held, but for civil 

 purposes only. 



Tamworth first sent members to parliament in the reign 

 of Elizabeth: it still returns two members. The number 

 <>i' voters on the register in 1835-6 was 531 : in 1830-40, 

 501. 



The living of Tamworth is a perpetual curacy, of the 

 clear yearly value of 170/., with a glebe-house. There are 

 in the piiii-.li the perpetual curacies of Kazeley. Wiggin- 

 ton, and Wilnecote, of the clear yearly value of 235/. 

 (with a glebe-house . !2/. andlKl/. respectively : the curate 

 ni Tamworlh presents to Wigginton and Wilnecote. There 

 are al*o in the parish two c.hapelries, Amington and 

 Hopwas. 



There were in the borough, in 1833, three endowed and 



three unendowed <la\ -schools, with IK') children, namely 



I 1-' ul 21) children of sex not stated ; anil 



'lay-schools, with 2(13 children, viz. 97 boys and 



i of the pnii-.li were one infant-school, 



i>a:1iy .upported by subscription, with 88 children, namely 



41 boys and 47 girls ; ten day-schools of all kinds, with 96 

 boys, 80 girls, and 80 children of sex not stated, making 

 256 children in all ; and three Sunday-schools, with 288 

 children, namely 150 boys and 138 girls. (Shaw's Staf- 

 fordshire ; Parliamentary Papers.) 



TANA-ELF. [TRONDHEIM.] 



TANACETUM, a genus of plants belonging to the 

 natural order Compositae, and the suborder Corymbiferse 

 or Asteracea-. The involucre is imbricated and hemi- 

 spherical. The receptacle is naked ; the flowers of the 

 ray are 3-toothed, those of the disk 5-toothed, tubular, and 

 hermaphrodite. The fruit, nn aehenium, is crowned with 

 a membranous margin, or pappus. The flowers are 

 yellow. 



The most common species is the Tiinitn-fiu/i rulgarp, 

 common Tansy. It has bipinnatifid leaves, with serrated 

 sections or lacinice. This plant is abundant in Great 

 Britain and throughout Europe, on the borders of fields 

 and road-sides. It possesses in a high degree the bitter- 

 ness of the whole order Composite, which, in the section 

 Corymbifene, is combined with a resinous principle. It 

 is recommended and has been extensively used in medi- 

 cine as an emmenagogne and anthelmintic. Although 

 the flavour and smell of this plant are both at first dis- 

 agreeable, a taste for it may be acquired, and it has been 

 used in cookery for the purpose of flavouring puddings and 

 sauces. The young shoots yield a green colouring-matter, 

 and are used by the Finlanders for the purpose of dyeing 

 their cloths of" that colour. It, is said that if meat be 

 rubbed with the fresh leaves, it will not be attacked by 

 the flesh-fly. 



TA'NAGERS. The genus Ttuwgrn of Linusi-us stands, 

 in the 12th edition of the f!y,<strin Nitiira- , between Embe- 

 >nd Frivgilla, in the order Paxsrres. 



Cnvier characterises the genus as having a conical bill, 

 triangular at its base, slightly arched at its arrtp. and 

 notched towards the end : wings and flight short. He ob- 

 serves that they resemble our sparrows in their habits, and 

 seek for seeds as well as berries and insects. The greater 

 part, he remarks, force themselves upon the attention of the 

 spectator of an ornithological collection by their vnid 

 colours. He places the genus between the Drongos (l-'.-'i:- 

 litu, Cuv.) and the Thrushes (Turdus, Linn.), thus subdi- 

 viding it : 



1. The Euphonous or Bullfinch Tanagers (Euphones, 

 :in Tdiuf'tras Boucrrt.'i/x'. 



These have a short bill, presenting, when it is seen ver- 

 tically, an enlargement on each side of its base : tail short 

 in proportion. 



Examples, Tanagrrr riolacm, rayi'ttnrnsis, &c. 

 2. The Grosbeak Tanagers. 



Bill conic, stout, convex, as wide as it is high ; the back 

 of the upper mandible rounded. 



Examples, Tbnagrrf mugntt, nfru, fee. 



:i. Tanagers. properly so called. 



Bill conic, shorter than the bead, as wide as it is high, 

 the upper mandible arched and rather pointed. 



Examples, Tanagrrr Titian, trin.lor, &c. 



4. Oriole Tanagers (Tangaras Lnriots}. 



Bill conic, arched, pointed, notched at the end. 



Examples, Tanasrrr <fii>iirix, piteafa, &c. 

 5. Cardinal Tanagers. 



Bill conic, a little convex, with an obtuse projecting 

 tooth on the side. 



Examples, Tanagrer cristat.a, brtintim, &c. 

 6. Ramphocelc Tanagers. 



Bill conic, with the branches of the lower mandible con- 

 vex, backwards. 



Examples, Thnagrrr Jacapa, Brasilia, &c. 



The views of Mr. Vigors on the subject of this group 

 will be found in the article FRINGILLID.E. 



Mr. Swainson remarks that the Tanagriiuc, or Tanagers, 

 form that group which is probably the most numerous, a* 

 it certainly is the most diversified of all those in the com- 

 prehensive family of the Friiiffiflicfa: As the detftirostml 

 division of that family, it is, he observes, typically distin- 

 guished from all the others by the bill having a distinct 

 and well-defined notch at the end of the upper mandible, 

 the ridge or culmen of which is much more curved than 

 onys; or, in other words, the culmen is more curved 

 downwards than the gonys is upwards: this inequality, he 

 further states, as in the genus Plni-ms, very much takes otf 

 from that regular conic form of bill so highly characteristic 



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