TAN 



36 



TAN 



, U one of the great improvemenU effected of late 



1:1 naval economy, llie nineteenth volume of the 

 Transaction*' of th' S ; . Arts contains an account 



(ll - ,. x ::il Samuel Hen 



thiiin. in I79f>aml tin- following yeara, the succeti of which 



induced the SocicU. in Iwtll, to present to him their gold 

 medii n jars have been tried tor this pur- 



pose ; but. while they keep the water very pure, th- 



lenient for general ue an metallic tanks, wlm-h 

 may be fitted to the shape of the vessel, so as to avoid any 

 lose of room. 



U'aistell's Designs for Agricultural liu/ltlinyx: Lou- 

 don'* Enci/r/'-!rtfnt ty Cottage, 1'iirni, ninl 1'il/u .-In-fn- 

 re; TranMcti',' j, v, sols. xix. and 



IsilxiuriTx' I-'ru-iiil Mti<i:iiu-. 1K!7, p. 131.) 

 TANNAHII.L. ROHF.RT. horn :it Paisley, in Scotland, 

 on the 3rd of June, 177-1. was the son of poor parents. b\ 

 whom he was brought in) to the occupation of a v 

 which he pursued iii his native town and at Glasgow 

 throughout the short period of his life. The earliest pre- 

 dilection of Tannahill was for poetry, and his taste was 

 formed hv the constant study of Allan Ramsay. Fci_ 

 and Hum's. He failed to attain the spirit of these masters 

 of Scottish song; but his pieces generally excel th- 



< and sweetness. A specimen of this sweetness is 

 found in his famous song, ' Gloomy winter's now awa :' 



Tow'riii^ o'er tin 1 Ni'wt"ii woods, 

 Livior-19 Inn ilu- Mmw wluu' i l.m'U; 

 sillrr -.vi^h*. w i' il >v. iii'' luld*. 



n the Iwnks v if i 1 1' i i'-, I V 

 i 1 111*- -> h in fiiry lionks 

 Ffntli'rv lini-., rock, 



tin- l>r,u- '' i' l>urmc jouks. 

 Ilka tiling U cliei-ri. , < ' ' 



' Jessy, the flower of Dumblane.' is his best-known effort. 

 The '"Song of the battle of Yittoria' has the merit of re- 

 deeming iii'iti the degradation of worthless words one of 

 the finest airs of Scottish minstrelsy, and restoring it from 

 a whistled jig to the solemn tone of a triumphal song. 



His songs were commonly inspired by the immediate. 

 -ion ; were the. unlaboured fruit of his imagination or 

 feelings. Decides the charm of harmony and of a perfect 

 mastery of his language, which is almost exclusively 

 ,i\c not a little of their effect from the vein 

 of desponding melancholy which runs through them. This 

 melancholy was in some degree constitutional in Tanna- 

 hill. but it was aggravated by the neglect of the world, 

 and a hopelessness of ever raising himself above eircum- 

 o unfavourable to genius as those in which for- 

 tune had thrown him. A kindred spirit, the Ettrick Shep- 

 herd, made a long pilgrimage to visit him at Paisley. 

 After a night .spent in the most delightful interchange ol 

 feeling. Mr. Hogg took his departure. ' Farewell, we shall 

 never meet again.' were the words emphatically pro 

 nouneed on'this occasion by Tannahill, and their meaning 

 was shortly afterwards explained. He committed suicide 

 by drowning himself, in his thirty-sixth year. His remains 

 are interred at Paisley. 



Tannahill's songs were published in Paisley, in his life- 

 time, in a small volume. They are in every modern col- 

 lection of Scottish melodies, and are occasionally printed 

 .under Tannahill's name) with selections from Hums. For 

 his life, see Chambers'* S*-i>ttix/i Itii'xrnphy. 



TANNER, THOMAS, was the eldest 'son of the Re\. 

 Thomas Tanner, vicar of Market Lavington, Wiltshire, 

 where he was horn. 2.~>th January. Ki74. Ill November, 

 hi' v. as entered a student of Queen's ( 'ollege. Oxford : 

 but alter having taken his degree of H.A.. he rcmo\ccl in 

 January. Ifi'.H, to All Souls, and he was elected a feliow 

 of that' society, 2nd Nov.. HiiWi. So early as 1G!I3, when 

 he was only nineteen, he had published proposals I'm 

 printing all the works ( the antiquary John I.eland. from 

 the original manuscripts ; but this design, which was after- 

 wards partially executed by Hcarnc. did not receive such 

 encouragement as to induce him to proceed with it. The 

 reputation he had very early acquired for his knowledge 

 of Knglish antiquities may appear from the fact IK 

 thony a Wood, at his death in Kiilii, left his pa; 

 Tanner's care. That same year Tanner published at Lon- 

 don !;is |'u si work, an Hvo. volume, entitled ' Notitia Mo- 



i the Religious Houses in 



and and Wales.' llaung taken order., he was soon 

 after appointed by Dr. Moore, his!" icli. one of 



his chaplains; and having, in 1701, married Rose, the 



eldest daughter of that prelate. 1: 



from his father-in-law ; the chancel 1 Nor- 



wich about the time of liis mairiagc ; the offii 

 missarv for the arclidcacomy of Noilo'k in 1~H3 : that of 

 commissary for the- archdeaconry of Sudbury in 17U7 : and, 

 in 1713, a prebend in the cathedral of Kly. to which dio- 

 cese Moore had been by this tn ! Meanwhile 



Tanner's wife had died, at the age of twenty-five, in 17(Hi. 

 In the same year he was presented by a fnend to the 

 . of Thorp, near Norwich; and he then married 

 Frances, daughter of Jacob Preston, Ksq.. of London, w horn 

 however he lust ill 171 X. II Is next publications new edition 

 of \Vood's' Athenae Oxonienses.' enlarged by the ad'! 

 of ."XK) new lives from Wood's manuscripts, appeared at 

 London, in 'J vols. t'ol., in 17-1. In December that 

 Tanner, who had taken his degree of D.I), in I7H 1 

 appointed hv Dr. (ireen, bishop of Norwich, to the arch- 

 deaconry of Norfolk : and in 1723 he resigned hi 

 at Kly. and was appointed canon of Christ's Clnm-h. 

 ford. He lated to the bishopric '.I Si. .\saph. 



in January. 17:i2: and in May. 17:ti. he married Mrs. 

 Elizabeth Scot tow of Tb'irp. receiving with her a fortune 

 of 15.1KH)/. : but he did not long cnjoi the - -is of 



wealth and honour. Ins death taking place at Oxford on 

 the 1 1th of Deceinfer, \~'.'*>. By his second wife he let! 

 one son Thomas, who died rector of Hadlcy rmd M- 



Kly in Suttblk. and prebendary of Canterbury, in 

 His widow married Robert Britirle. Ksq., M.P., and siu- 

 \i\ed to 1771- A new edition of the Notitia Monastiea." 

 with large additions un part by the editor!, was pubi. 

 in a folio volume at London, in 17-H. by th> 

 brother, the Rev. John Tanner, vicar ol t in 



Suffolk ; and a third edition, considerably improved, by 

 the Rev. James Nasinith, appeared at Cambridge, i 

 same form, ill 17KT. The greater part of this last im- 

 pression having been consumed in u fire which happened 

 in Mr. Nichols's printing-house, on the night of Mir 

 the 8th of February. 1K08, the book is very scarce. Ilu 

 Tanner's literary reputation rests principally on his 

 biographical and bibliographical work, entitled ' Diblio 

 theca Bntannico-IIibernica. she de Scriptoribus (|iii in 

 Anglia. Scotia, et Ilibernia. ad Saeculi xvii. initium tlo 

 ruerunt. litcrarum online, juxta famiharuin nomina. dis 

 posit i-,. i 'ouunentarius,' which had been the labour of his 

 leisure for forty years, and which was published, in folio. 

 at London, in 174H, under the care of the Rev. Dr. David 

 Wilkins. It is a work of extensive research and great 

 general accuracy. Bishop Tanner had made la 

 lions of charters, grants, deeds, and other instruments re- 

 lating to the national antiquities, which he bequeathed to 

 the Bodleian Library. Some letters from him are published 

 in Dr. Bliss's collection of ' Letters written by Kminenl 

 Persons," Jscc., 2 \ols. 8vo., Lon., 1813. (Biographia 



TANNIC ACID, or TANNIN, a peculiar vegetable 

 acid existing in every part of the bnrk of each 

 (|ueicus. but especially in the bark : it is found ho-. 

 in the greatest quantity in the gall-nut. The name ot this 

 substance is derived from its properly of combining with 

 the skins of animals, or in tanning, by which they are 

 rendered impervious to water, and prevented from pu- 

 t rcfving. 



To prepare tannic acid, galls are to be- reduced to coarse 

 powder, and digested in a percolator in ii'ther which lias 

 been previously mixed and .shaken with water: in the 

 lower part of tlie vessel two strata of liquid appear, the 

 heavier of which is a strong solution of tannic acid, by 

 evaporating which, and by subsequent purilicatior 

 acid U obtained possessing the following proper: 

 a colourless or slightly yellowish mass, which docs not 

 cTvstalli/c, but resembles dried gum. It is icadih soluble 

 in water: the solution has an astringent but not a bitter 

 taste; it reddens vegetable bin. ;ilka- 



.-. ith effervescence: weak alcohol dissolves 

 it, but :i'ther only slightly; when the aqueous solution is 



d to the air, espec'ially if the tenmeiatu 



oxygen gas is absorbed, and an equal volume of carbonic 



I. while the tannic acid is converted into 



.mil elagic acids. Tannic acid precipitates gelatin 



Million : the compound has been called tiiiintigrltitnt, 



and when the acid is in excess a viscid elastic mass is 



formed, which contains about half its weight of tannic 



acid ; when the liquid from which the gelatin is pre- 



