I \ 



I.' 



I' A I' 



.trumiu, Vieill. Bill lengthened, slightly curved to- 

 wards tin- ]x>int, which is entire and indexed. I'nder 

 mandible cunt-d from about the middle and angulalcd. 

 Furrow of the MMbik long. Nostril* lateral, remot 

 the base, longitudinal. Feet long. Hnllux elevated. An- 

 terior toes divided ;it their ha>e. Wings moderate ; the 

 two fir>t i|\iill> shorter than tin- third, which is the I 

 America. 



. .IniMM tcolofxicitit. ((" >n of 



( 'anino places tlii' Tniiliilidir between the 

 :iges uiidt'r tlu> former 

 and lbi. (Bird* qf I. 



Mr. G. H. Gray makes the Tuntnliiur the fifth an-: 

 subfamily at \he Ardeidte, placing it next to the Cicuniiur, 

 and arranging under it the following genera: 



I. inn. Ibit, Moehr. ii--n>Hticitx. Waul- Cer- 

 ', \Vagl. Phimottu, 



. 



l'/i/rinf/li(s, (Ray)Bectut. Vieill. 



Mr. ' - the synonyms of all these genera. (Lift 



.;/// .'Mir edit.) 



Wi I . illustrate the Ibivs nt' Ainenea In, Xut- 



tall's description of the Scurlrt I/JIK, I/iis riibnt of Yieillot, 

 Taiit/iliis riibrr of Linnaui -shy. 



This specii s is i inches in length and ; ex- 



tent. Bill 5 inches long, thick, and u!' a somewhat square 

 form at the base, gradually bent downwards and .sharply 

 ridged ; black, except near the base, \\here it inclines to 

 red. Iris dark-hazel. The face naked, slightly wrinkled. 

 pale. -red. Chin bare, wrinkled also. Pliimagc'iich, glow- 

 i>t about three inches of the extremities of 

 the four outer (mill-feathers, which are deep steel-blue. 

 pale red ; the three anterior toes united by a mem- 

 brane as far as the first joint. N'uttall. i 



This brilliant and exclusively American .species, in- 

 habits chiefly,' says Xuttall. within the tropics, abound- 

 ing in the West India and Bahama Islands, and south of 

 the equator, at least as far as Brazil. They migrate in the 

 course of the summer (about July and August into 

 Florida, Alabama, Georgia, and South ( 'arolina ; but retire 

 into Mexico, or the Caribbean Islands, at the approach of 

 cool weather. They .generally associate in numhc: 

 (mcnting the borders of the sea, and the banks ami 

 aries of neighbouring rivers, feeding on small fry, shell- 

 lih. crustacca, worms, and insects, which they col! 

 the ebbing of the tide. The) are said to be in the habit 

 of perching on trees in companies ; but they lay their eggs, 

 which are greenish, on the ground, amidst the tall giass 

 of the marshes, on a slight, iii'-t of leave.--. When just 

 hatched, the young are black, soon changing to grey, but 

 are nearly white before they arc able to fly : 

 they attain their red plumage, which is not complete until 

 the third year. The young and old associate in distinct 

 bands. In the countries where they abound, they are 

 sometimes domesticated, and accompany the poultry. 

 The Ibis shows great courage in attacking tie 

 will even defend itself from the insidious attacks of the 

 cat. It is generally esteemed as good food ; and r 

 and gaudy plumage is used by the Brazilians for various 

 iirnam ithology ff the I'nilnl 



Slut'* unit nf C'lnnitti.) 



TANTALITE. [COLUMBIUM.] 



PANT ALUM. 



TVNTAI.rS. Ornithology.) [TANTALio.K.l 



sYSI'l'TKKA. [KINGFISHERS, vol. xiii.. p. 212.] 

 I MMMI'N'A. 

 TAOS. [Mi . 

 TAT ROOT, 



TAl'A.IOS. [l!:vm..1 



'KM. [KN,W.<-A.] 



TAl'KSTKY French. Tiifii^i'rii- : Italian. 71 / , 

 Thin name is most commonly applied to the textile fabrics. 

 u.siially composed of wool or silk, and sometimes enriched 

 with gold and - embroidered with 1 



landscapes, or ornamental devices, it ml used as a In 

 covering for the walls of apartment- l! i- derived from 

 the French ' tnpis." which is fiom the I.alin 'tap 

 ' tape I.:. tin won' -me as (In- 



r ' lapis' 'raTrijc, rajrtj). 'ii and 



^'nificU u carpet or covering for a bed or 

 i tapi." though uencrally applietl to 

 carpets, is also used to evpn In used 



a> .,, \erings, cueh us tile 



most probably, we base the common expre^-ion 'on the 



tapis,' us applied to subjects under ' 



n. Of the use of the wmd 1 

 extend I here is an in- 1 



inedy of Krror-,' act iv.. BC. 1. where Antijiluilu- 



ills to Adrmmi, informing her that 



Inllr 



Thi'. eorcnd o'er with Turkish Urlry, 

 Tbero a purar* of iluei,' &r. 



.lohnson, who eile> this passage, gives also one from 

 Dryden. in which taji. d in the -eu-r of cai 



' Thp catrrai-nt mrc with jfolilrn \imne 

 \od hor.,V boob, furirili, on nlkrn U|xit)' f**d.' 



In this more geneial sense the term is used bv M. 

 Achille Jnbinal, in his recently published 



Kccherehes siir l'l : snge el I'Oiigii" 

 which he extends his inijuiiy to worked 01 

 tapi.-serics a ym 1 I'm inanv other purpOM 



the covering of warn. To this work we are ii.i 

 much of the following information respecting the 1>. 

 of ta]^. 



The early historv of the art of producing figured fabrics 

 bv the loom nun be more convenient!) ircn'.i-d of under 

 WBAVI^O than in this place: and it may i 

 to observe, that although the loom \\:i 



! times by the Greeks and Romans for the produc- 

 tion of ordinary ti roes, its application to the v\va\ 

 ornamented or figured fabric swas chiefly Oriental. 

 probable also that many of the early tape.-tries wi ; 

 broidered by hand or 'worked with the needle. This 

 kind of work, of which the Dayeux tapcstiy is a ccle- 



eontinued long alter the prae' 



weaving tapestry ill the loom had become common. The 

 ornamented curtains of the .Jewish tabernacle. 

 in the twenty-sixth, thirty-fifth, and thirty-sixth chapters 

 of Exodus, are generally considered to have been embroi- 

 dered by the needle. Jubinal supposes that they were 

 worked with a needle in thread of silk. gold, or wool, in 

 such a manner as to imitate the brilliancy of the plumage 

 of birds; but be conceives thai the vail of the Holy nf 

 Holies, which is described in the Knglish translation of the 

 Bible as of cunning . \x\i. Ill: andxxxvi. 



1C) . and which was ornamented with cherubim, was pio- 

 (luced by the skill of the weaver, -that il to say. executed 

 by the shuttle with woofs of various colours, and in v 

 st'ntf.' 



The Jews are supposed to have derived their skill in 

 embroider)- and other ornamental work of similar cha- 

 racter from the Kgyptians, who produced figured cloths 

 both by the needle and the loom, and practised the art of 

 introducing gold thread or wire into . \Vilkin- 



son observes 1; ; ('nxtumx nfthe . \nln-nt i 



vol. iii.. p. liN . Many of the Egyptian stud's pre- 

 sented various patte > the loom. 



independent of those produced by the dyeing or printing 

 process, an , '.led with cloths 



embroidered by the needle' .lubinal ipi, il an- 



tient autbiv ' i figured tissues as made and 



u~ed ! ,d other nations of antiquity. 



Babylonians to rcpn-ent the 

 mysti- and to perpetuate histo 



PhilostratU lonius of Tyaua. mentions 



Babylonian ^ineiited witli siiver anil gold. 



. eeks ]irai irl of embroidering figures upon 



cloth, and attributed it.s invention toMinciva. I: 

 alludes, in several pa-^nge-i of the ' Iliad' and Oil;. 

 to embroidered stutl's o! the character designated by .lu- 

 binal 'tapisseiies a ymaiges.' among which he com 

 even some artici. Without attemptiiu 



the investigation of this subject mil,: 



of the chaiai-tcr of tlie-e ornamental li--ues may In' given 



thi' article I'cphim ' in the Diclionai) 



! IvMinan Antiimilics.' edited h) Dr. Smith: the 



au thor of the article 'Peplum'ol ' of all the pro- 



duction nl tie.' loom. upon which the 



-.t *kill and labour wen employed; and that ihesul)- 



nteil upon them wen- so various :n,.| l;,sletul, 

 thai j'i if iihe them, lie adds thai 



and whi'li. with Vaiil M aimng Im:, 



