TAR 



6] 



TAR 



The new tariff, which is on the point of becoming law, 

 contains very numerous alterations. Cattle and fresh meat 

 are admitted, for the first time, on payment of duty ; 

 and the reduction of duty on salt-meat is considerable. 

 Time will be required to show the result of the various 

 changes which it contains. The heads of the tariff are 

 comprised under nineteen heads, and the articles enume- 

 rated are as many as those in the tariff of 1833. 



-TARIK. [RoDERic.] 



TARLTON, RICHARD, a comic actor of "great cele- 

 brity in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was born in the 

 hundred of Condover, in Shropshire. The date of his birth 

 is not known. He died in 1588, and was buried (Septem- 

 ber 3) at St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, London. 

 " Tarlton was especially distinguished for his performance 

 of the clowns of the old English drama, in which he is 

 spoken of as having been unrivalled, and seems besides to 

 have been one of those clowns who spoke ' more than 

 was set down for them :' he was famous for his extempore 

 wit, which indeed must have been an important addition 

 to the dull and vulgar speeches generally assigned to the 

 clowns before Shakspere's time he interlarded with his 

 wit the lean and hungry prose. Dr. Cave, ' De Politica,' 

 Oxford, 4to., 1588, says (we translate Cave's Latinl, ' We 

 English have our Tarlton, in whose voice and countenance 

 dwells every kind of comic expression, and whose eccen- 

 tric brain is filled with humorous and witty conceptions.' 



Stow mentions that Tarlton was one of the twelve actors 

 whom Queen Elizabeth, in 1583, constituted grooms of 

 the chamber at Barn Elms : he seems indeed to have been 

 one of her especial favourites ; for Fuller says, that ' when 

 Queen Elizabeth was serious (I dare not say sullen), and 

 out of srood humour, he could undumpish her at his plea- 

 sure. Her highest favourites would, in some cases, go to 

 Tarlton before they would go to the queen, and he was 

 their usher to prepare their advantageous access to her.' 



One of Tarlton's last performances was in 'The Famous 

 Victories of Henry V. :' this was in 1588, at the Bull in 

 Bishop>gale Street, to which theatre he seems to have 

 been generally attached. Of this play, which is a much 

 earlier one than Shakspere's 'Henry V.,' a full account is 

 given in the introductory notice to 'Henry VI.. Parts I. 

 iind II.,' in Knight's 'Pictorial ShakspereV It is one of 

 the 'Six Old Plays,' printed by Nichols in 1779- 



Tarlton is known to have written at least one play, 'The 

 Deadly Sins,' which, though never printed, and now 

 lost, was much admired. Gabriel Hervey, in his ' Four 

 1, "tiers and eeitaine Sonnets especially touching Robert 

 Greene and other Paities by him abused.' 4to., 1792, 

 speaks of :i \M>i!i written by Thomas \:i-hc, ' right for- 

 mally conveyed according to the stile and tenour of Tarl- 

 tim's president, his famous playe of 'The Seven Deadly 

 Sinnes,' which he designates as a ' most deadly but most 

 lively playe.' 



There is a portrait of 'Tarlton, in his clown's dress, with 

 his pipe and labor, in the Harl. MS. :!SS5 : and a similar 

 pin-fruit of him 'probably the one is a copy of the other) 

 in the title-page of a pamphlet called ' Tarlton's Jests,' 

 4to., 1611. A copy of the former portrait is given in 

 Knight's Shakspere,' at the end of 'Twelfth Night.' The 

 peculiar flatness of his noso is said to have been occasioned 

 by an injury which that feature received in parting some 

 uid bears. 



i Baker's Itiographia Dranifitint, by Reed and Jones.) 



TARN, a river in France, belonging to the system of 

 the Garonne. It rises near Mount Lozere, one of the C6- 

 vennes, in the department of Lozfire, and flows first west to 

 Sainte Enimie in the same department, 27 miles, and then 

 i-west 27 miles to Milhau, in the department of Avey- 

 ron; from thence west-south-west 88 miles, by Alby and 

 Gaillac, department of Tarn, to St. Sulpice ; and from 

 thence 48 miles north-west and west by Montauban 'de- 

 partment of Tarn and Garonne) into the Garonne, below 

 ac. The navigation is marked in Brue's map of 

 France a* commencing at Gaillac, and has a length of 

 about (X) miles; other authorities make the navigation 

 \lby. and this statement agrees with the 

 "fti ' iich assign to the river a navigation 



' miles, li . al tributaries, but none of them 



u:mu-:iblc. [KIIVNCK; GARONNE; TARX (depart- 

 metr ' .KONNK.] 



TARN, a department in the south of France, bounded 



on the north and north-east by tha^of Aveyron, "on the 

 south-east by that of Herault, on the south by that of Aude, 

 on the south-west and west by that of Haute Garonne, and 

 on the north-west by that of Tarn and Garonne. The form 

 approximates to that of a parallelogram, having its sides 

 respectively facing the north-east, south-east, south-west, 

 and north-west. The extreme length from north-west to 

 south-east, from the neighbourhood of Penne on the 

 Aveyron to the border of the department of Herault, near 

 St. Pons, is G5 miles ; the extreme breadth, from the neigh- 

 bourhood of Valence to that of Puy-Laurens, is 46 miles. 

 The area is estimated at 2222 square miles, which is some- 

 what under the average area of the French departments, 

 and rather greater than the conjoint areas of the two 

 English counties Surrey and Sussex. The population, in 

 1826, was 327,655; in 1831, 335,844; and in 1836,346,614, 

 showing an increase in five years of 10,770 persons, or above 

 3 per cent., and giving 156 inhabitants to a square mile. 

 In amount and density of population it is below the average 

 of the French departments, and is very far below the 

 county of Surrey alone in amount, and in density of popu- 

 lation below both Surrey and Sussex. Alby, the capital, 

 is on the Tarn, 339 miles in a straight line nearly due south 

 of Paris, or 482 miles through Orleans, Chateauroux, 

 Limoges, Cahors, Montauban, and Toulouse ; a very cir- 

 cuitous route, but the only one laid down in Reiehard's 

 Road-book. 



The department is very mountainous in the south-east 

 part, where it comprehends a portion of the Cevennes. A* 

 range of hills branching oft' from this chain, and running 

 nearly parallel to it, crosses the north-west part of the de- 

 partment, skirting the valley of -the Tarn; and there are 

 some other ranges of less elevation and importance. The 

 peak of the Cevennes, which overlooks the town of Soreze, 

 in the south of the department, has an elevation of 1760 

 feet. The eastern side of the department, bounded by a 

 line drawn southward or south by east from the junction of 

 the Viaur and the Aveyron, is chiefly occupied by the 

 granitic or other primary or by the earlier secondary forma- 

 tions : west of this boundary-line the tertiary formations 

 prevail ; only on the banks of the Cerou and the Aveyron 

 in the northern part, and about Puy-Laurens in the southern 

 part of the department, the secondary formations, which lie 

 between the cretaceous group and the new red-sandstone 

 group, crop out from beneath the tertiary rocks. The 

 mineral productions are of no great importance. There 

 was, in 1834, only one coal mine worked; it gave employ- 

 ment to 273 workmen within the mines and 42 others, 

 making a total of 315 : the quantity of coal produced was 

 19,933 tons, and the total value 13,152/., or 13s. 9rf. per 

 ton on the average. The quantity produced in 1835 was 

 18,420 tons. There were, in 1834, two iron-works with 

 three forges for the manufacture of wrought-iron : the ore 

 was converted directly into malleable iron, and charcoal 

 was the only fuel employed. Lead and copper ore are 

 said to be found, but no mines are now worked. There 

 are marble-quarries, plaster-pits, and pits for porcelain and 

 potters' clay. 



The department belongs entirely to the basin of the 

 Garonne. The Tarn, one of the principal feeders of that 

 river, touches the border of the department just above the 

 junction of the little river Ranee, and flows along the 

 border till that stream (which belongs altogether to the 

 department of Aveyron) joins it; it then quits the border 

 and flows westward to Alby and then south-west to the 

 junction of the Agout, shortly after which it quits the de- 

 partment to enter that of Haute Garonne : the navigation 

 commences at Gaillac, or, according to some authorities, 

 at Alby. Just above Alby the Tarn has a fall, or rather a 

 series of falls, over the steep face of a limestone rock, in 

 which it has worn a number of channels, which so divide 

 the stream, that when the water is low it may be crossed 

 by leaping from one prominence to another: this fall is 

 called Saut du Sabot or Saut du Tarn. The tributaries of 

 the Tarn which belong to this department are the Aveyron, 

 the Tescou, and the Agout. The Aveyron has only a small 

 part of its course in this department, and another small 

 part along the border; its affluent the Viaur has part of 

 its course along the border; but the Cerou and the Verre, 

 two other affluents of the Aveyron, belong to this depart- 

 ment, almost entirely. The Agout rises in the department 

 of Herault, but belongs almost, entirely to this department, 



