TAR 



\ R 



The territories, upon t> ! Ionian em- 



pire, pMeil into the hand- ..I tin \ irom whom 



they were afterwards wrckted l In. Tin- county 



of TOuloilM was annexed to the crown in Hie rri<rn ol' 

 Philippe III. Icllanh: the couiitv ;-t by 



Ix>ui XI. and finally by Henri 1\ '.', and K finally 



by Kranrois I. I,e l,)uerc\ anil I.'Aireno!- :i long 



time ptrt of the Knglish possessions in France. Th> 

 lish were tinnlly driven out in tin- middle of the fifteenth 

 centurv. 



T A K N < H'I >]. is a circle in the eastern part of Austrian 

 Galicm, l>ordering on the Ru ian government of Podolia. 

 The area is about 1400 square miles, mid the population 

 JU.rxHt. of whom nhout 13.000 are Jews. The surface 

 of the country is an undulating plain broken only by a few 

 hills. The forests m, n-ivc, and the soil in gv- 



neral extremely fertile : it produces corn, flax, hemp, to- 

 hncco. irarden vegetables, and fruits. 'The tine meadows,' 

 says Hassel, ' would enable the inhabitants to breed great 

 numbers of cattle, but it is only the breeding of horses 

 that is more considerable than in the rest of Oalicia; they 

 are of the true Polish race. In 1817 there were 3(i.-_ r 7."i 

 horses, 9412 oxen, 26.339 cows, and 5!).2H2 sheep." Ac- 

 cording to the very detailed statistical tables ft 

 ("published in I KM. which are the latest that we have seen), 

 there were 41,223 horses, 11, HO oxen, 2(i.iKii> cows, and 

 81,283 sheep. There is no large river in the circle ; the 

 Podhorze form* the eastern boundary towards Russia, and 

 the interior is watered by the Sered, the Tryna, the Quila, 

 and other small streams. 



TARNOPOL. the capital of the above circle, is a consi- 

 derable town, with 10,500 inhabitants, of whom nearly half 

 are Jews. It is situated on the river Sered, which "there 

 passes through n lake. There are in the town a Roman 

 Catholic and a Greek church, three svnagogue-. a Jesuits' 

 College, gymnasium, n ml a philosophical seminarv . In 

 the year 1820, 50 of the Jesuits expelled from Russia were 

 allowed to settle in a Dominican convent at Tarnopol. 

 The sum of 300 florins a year was assigned to each, with 

 a moderate sum for the establishment of the gymnasium, 

 it being intended that they be solely employed in the edu- 

 cation of youth in and out of the town. The inhabitants 

 have a pretty considerable trade, but have not made much 

 progress in manufacture*. The principal establishments 

 are tanneries. As in most Polish towns, the houses are of 

 wood, and the streets unpavcd, where filth of all kinds is 

 suffered to accumulate. 



(Hassel ; Stein : Cannabich ; Mission from the Church 

 ! f'i the Jews, ls|-j. 



TARNOW. a circle of Austrian Galicia, is bounded on 

 the north by the Vistula, which separates it from Poland, 

 on 1) R/cszow, on the south by Jaslo, on the 



south Miiok, and on the west by Hochnia. The 



area is 2fHX> square miles, and the population at present 

 must be at least 240,000: since, according to the statisti- 

 cal tables for 1830, it was liis,i.-,:i, of whom 14,008 were 

 Jews. The country is an extensive plain, with hei 

 there an inconsiderable eminence. The soil is on the whole 

 rtile, in many parts sandy, and ill-cultivated. 

 The rivers are, the Vistula on the north, th on the 



and the Wisloka. which flows through the middle of 

 the circle. Though the chief Occupation of the inhabitants 

 iculture, its operation ::ned in a very slm en! v 



manner, and the breeding of cattle is by no mean- in pni- 



ntry: the forests however 



are very profitable, and there is no" other circle in Oalicia 

 where the people make so many wooden wares of various 

 kind*, pipe-staves, Sec, Thin -, pro- 



-peaking. except in the chief town and its neigh- 

 bourhood, but tin- country-people manufacture ; 

 quantity of linen. 



TARNOW, the capital of the circle, is plca-antlv -ituated 

 On an eminence near the river Uiala, over which'thi 



ic arch cf Hll f rl 



which i- entii. ' ,,f tii,. 



without the suburb, is 2250, of 



burl, the populate ,es are 



1 part well built of 1 high. Thit 



town if a Roman Catholic bishop, and \\, 



of the tribunal ithedral, a 



a synagogue, a gv nina-ium. a J".\ih in- 

 firmary, a imh'.iry ': 

 schools. The , 



n-wnre, and cabinet -work. They have many tan- 



the momimeiit- of the princes Januu von Ostn 



the counts of Twnow-Tarnoswsk) : two of them are from 60 



to 70 feet high, and reach 1 of the church. I 



two monuments are very highh 



TARl'KIAN ROCK: IR.-.MK.] 



TARl'OKI.KY. [CiiESHiKK.] 



T AKIJl'l Ml 'Tapri'i'in, or Tapcot'iWO. n nir 

 of Ktruria. on the southern bank of the river Marta. which 

 empties itself into the sea a few miles bclo 

 Strabo \. 2. j). H35, ed. Tnuchnitz \ the town w: 

 by Tare-on, one of the companions of Tyrrhenus ' 

 Hv/ant.. v. f. Tnnruvia; Viriril. ./-.>., viii. ."><>.">: Silii 

 lieu-, viii. -I":! ; and, aci-onliiiL . it was a colony 



of Tllessalians and Spinambriaus. In the ic:iru of .' 

 Marcius, Demaratusof Corinth is said to ha\e come with a 

 band of his countrymen to Ktruria. and to ha\e 

 favourably received by the Tarquinienscs ; and the story 

 describes him as the lather of I.. TaiquiniusPriscus. (TxH- 

 griNirs.] Whatexer may be. thought of this tradition, it 

 seems clear that Ktruria and Tarquinii in particul, 

 perienced at an early jieriod considerable influence 



!C. Tarquinii apjieai-s to have become in a short time 

 a great and powerful city, a- i- clear from the wars which 

 it carried on with Rome' and from the important remains 

 which have recently been !; and there is little 



doubt that it formed one of the twelve republic- 

 consisting of the city and an cxten-ise territory around it. 

 After the expulsion of Tarquinius Snperbns from Rome, in 

 B.C. 50!), the Tarquinienses were the most forward in his 

 and unsuccessfully endeavoured to restore him bv 

 force of arms. (I.iv.. h. (I. Xe. About the v ear !). 

 the Tarquinienses again made war upon the Unmans, and 

 ravaged their territory, but they were defeated by A. Postu- 



indL. Julius. This however did not deterthein 

 renewing their hostilities against Rome, and from n, 

 Inroads upon her territory. It wasonsuchai! .mthe 



year H.C. 35s, that a war broke out between the two 

 which lasted for several year-. The Roman- in thci 

 campaign. under the consul c. i-'abiu-. were un-uei-e-sful, 

 and the Iwquiniensei made 3TJ? Roman soldiers prisoners, 

 all of whom were saciiliccd to the gods. Rome for 

 time carried on the war on the defensive, while her ene- 

 inie- acquired new allies, and invaded the Roman territory 

 a- far as the Salinsr, at the mouth of the Titu 



r. in ,'t."i(i .<.. they were defeated by the dictator 



Marcius Rutilus.and the year after thej were compelled by 

 (-. Sulpicins to lay down their arms. The Romans now took 

 cruel revenge for the outrage which had been committed 

 upon their prisoners. The common Tarquinien-e- who fell 

 into the hand- of the Roman- were all ma-sacred, hut :t5s 

 nobles were sent to Rome, where they wen ileath 



in the forum. <I.iv., \ii. 12-11). Shortly after the Tarqui- 

 nienses sued for a truce, which was granted for 

 Tarquinii, like the re-t oft: in town-, v 



forth neutral in the wars of Rome with nil. -. and 



remained in almost perfect in.lcpcnde- ic. Shortly 



alter the expiration oftlietruee the Tarquinienses obtained 

 a peace of the same duration. At a later period Tarquinii 

 became a Roman Municipium ;('icen>. />rn Caecin., A . 

 The site of the antient Tarquinii is clearly discernible in 



:ins still extant on the hill of Tarchiuo, near the 



n town of Cornclo. The place ha- in modern 1 

 acquired a peculiar interest through the numeroiiswoiks of 

 art which have been discovered in the tombs and 

 comb-. The first of these were opened in what 



unl in them was described by liuonarolti. Nt 



< frequently been 111 that tune ; 



-I important are'tbe paintings with which the 

 of the catacomb- aie decorate I : but be-idcs thc-e.tl, 

 and ti : 'insiiie-and vases, and other 



worK-of art, are found there. Rcspcctins.'t! 

 sec Wilcox and Morion. ./ 

 .llKirtiWHlH irilli Eli 



,\v., ill the I'lul ' 17'i3.\i 



127; Von Stack' ' </'''' M 



at <f a I! "Hi Tart j i 



TAR(Jl''INIl'S. Ai -i . tiding to caih Roman history the 



family of the Tarquinii gave t-.\o lungs and one consul to 



il to the town of Tarquinii in 



:. and thence to Greece. Modern investigations 



