T A 



A K 



with Gabii after" its surrender, was engraved on a wooden 

 shield, and preserved in the temple of Jupiter Fidius to 

 the t: Tari|iiin founded 



in the conquered territory of tbe Volscians the two colo- 

 nies i ii. by whifli he extended and 

 strengthened the power of Rome. 



Tarquin is said to have been fond of splendour and 

 magn. lie Imilt the capitol, with the threefold 



temple of Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva, and adorned it 

 with brazen statues of the gods and of the early kings. 



. i. 53; Dionysins, iv. ;")'.; Pliny, ///*/. 

 1: xxxiv. l:t. Here lie also deposited the oracular books 

 which he had purchased from a Sibyl. [SIBYL.] After 

 the establishment of the colonies of Sigma and Circeii, a 

 fearful omen was seen, which - bode ruin to his 



family ; and in order to ascertain its import he sent 

 sons, Sextus and Aruns, accompanied by his nephew. I.. 

 Junins Brutus, to Delphi. To the question as to which of 

 the three ambassadors was to reign at Rome, the Pythia 

 answered : he who shoidd first kiss his mother. Brutus, 

 who had always assumed the appearance of an idiot, un- 

 derstood the oracle, and on landing in Italy, fell down and 

 kissed the earth, the mother of all. Tarquin's cottV 

 now exhausted by the great works that he had undertaken, 

 and he was tempted to make himself master of Ardea, a 

 wealthy town of the Rutuli. As however he did not succeed 

 in his first attack, he laid siege to the town. While this 

 was going on, a dispute arose between the sons of Tarquin 

 and their cousin, C. Tarquinius Collatinus, respecting the 

 virtue of their wives. This led to the violation of the 

 chaste Lucretia, the wife of ( 'ollatinus. who lived at Colla- 

 tia, bv Se\tu>. the kind's eldest son. As the highest pride 

 of a Roman woman at this time was her virtue, Lucretia 

 sent for her husband, father, and Brutus, and killed hersell 

 in their presence, after having cursed the family of the 

 king, and implored her friends to avenge the injury which 

 she had suffered. Brutus immediately marched with an 

 armed force from Collatia to Rome, and roused the people 

 to avenge the indignity and throw off the yoke of their 

 tyrant. The citizens were easily persuaded: they deprived 

 the king, who was yet in the camp of Ardea, of Ins im- 

 perium, and banished him with his wife and children 

 from Rome, 510 B.C. Alter these occurrences Tarquin 

 hastened to Rome, but finding the gates of the city shut 

 upon him, and learning that he was declared an exile, he 

 retired to Caere, whither he was followed by his son Aruns. 

 His other son Sextus sought a refuge at Gabii, but the 

 citizens, remembering his former treachery, put him to 

 death. The simple fact of the banishment of King Tar- 

 quin, which was commemorated at Rome every year by 

 a festival called 'The King's Flight' i Regifugium or Fu- 

 galia\ is beyond all doubt historical ; but what is described 

 asitsimrm '.and itsaccompanyingcircumstanc.es, 



may be poetical inventions. 



Tarquin however did not give up the hope of recovering 

 what he had lost. He first sent ambassadors to Rome to 

 demand the surrender of his moveable property. During 

 their stay in the city the ambassadors formed a conspiracy, 

 in which young patricians chiefly are said to have joined 

 them. The conspirators were discovered and put to death, 

 and the moveable property of the royal family wits given 

 up to the people, in order to render reconciliation im- 

 possible. The king is said to have found favour and 

 protection with the inhabitants of Caere and Tarquinii. 

 and with the Veientines, and to have led the united ibices 

 of these people against the Romans. \\ho however defeated 

 their enemies near the forest of Arsia. linitus fell in this 

 battle in single combat with Anms. Tarquin now sought 

 and found assistance at Clnsium, which was then governed 

 by the mighty I.ar IVrsenna. [PoHsKNvv.] During the 

 war of this chieftain with Rome Tarquin is entirely lost 

 sight of in the narrative of the historians; but after its 

 conclusion we find him supported by the I-atins, and 

 waging a fresh war against Home under the Latin dictator 

 Octavius Mamilius of Tusculuni. The battle near lake 

 Regillus(496 B.C.), in which the king lost his only surviving 

 son, decided the whole contest. The account of the detail 

 of this battle is as fabulous as any part of the early histoiy 

 of Rome, and formed, as Niebunr supposes, the conclud- 

 ing part of the 'Lay of the Tarquins.' The aged king, now 

 ilipMM-d of all his hopes, retired to Cniilae. which was 

 then governed by the tyrant Aristodemus, where he died 

 the year following, 490 B.C. 



ii. 111. Sec. : Dionysius, vi. 2, Sec. ; Xiebuhr, ////. 

 of Rom*, i.. p. ."i.Vi. \ 



I.rcns T\HQI ivirs Cou.ATisrs, the son of Kgeriuft, 

 and the husband of Lucretia. After the banishment of 

 he king he was elected consul together with I., .lunius 

 lirutus. But the people beginning to suspect that he 

 might perhaps be tempted to follow the example of bis 

 kinsman, and endanger the freedom of the young republic, 

 he wag compelled to abdicate, and to submit to the 



i exile, which was now pronounced upon the whole 

 family iiuii. l.i\ \. i. 57. GO ; ii. 2.) 



TARKAGO'N A. a province of Spain, bordering on the 

 north on Catalonia, on the south on Valencia, and on the 

 west on Aragon. The capital. Tarragona, is situated on 

 the coast of the Mediterranean, on the declivity of a moun- 

 tain rising to ~W) leet above the level of the sea, and near 

 the mouth of the river Krancoli. 41 7' N. lat. and \- 17' 

 K. long. Tarragona, the Roman Tarraco, is one of the 

 most antient cities of Spain : o.s it is supposed to have 

 founded by the Pho?nicians. During the second Punic 

 War it became a Roman colony (Plin.. ///./. \nt., iii. : . 

 and, Subsequently under Augustus, the capital of II.- 

 pania Citenor, or Tarraconensis, which comprised ' 

 Ionia. Aragon, Navarre, Biscay, the Asturias, Gah. 

 portion of Leon, and the Balearic Islands. Tarrac 

 the chief city of one of the seven COnventUB, or divisions of 

 the province for purposes of administration, and i hieH\ for 

 justice. In A.D. 4(>7 it was taken by Kurie. king of the 

 (ioths. and levelled with the earth. The Arabs reduced it 

 in 710. like most cities on that coast, and it remained in 

 their hands until Raymond IV., count of Barcelona, took 

 it from them, about the close of the eleventh century. 

 The city being found in a very ruinous and dilapi.i 

 state. Don Bernardo, archbishop of Toledo, undertr 

 rebuild it on condition that the pope would absolve him 

 of an oath he had taken, and not fulfilled, of repairing to 

 the Holy Land. The absolution having been granted, the 

 archbishop of Toledo destined the greatest portion of the 

 rev enues of his see to the rebuilding of Tarragona. 1 ) 

 the War of Succession. (In- Fnglish took possession of the 

 city, which they intended to Keep and began to fortify. 

 Some of the outworks and redoubts thrown up by them are 

 still visible. In 1810 the French, under Marsha! Suchet. 

 laid siege to it. and took it by storm on the 29th of June. 

 1811, after a siege of several months. The conduct of the 

 French commander on this occasion is greatly to blame : 

 he not only justified, but even encouraged, the perpetra- 

 tion of all kinds of atrocities, on the ground that he wislu .1 

 by one dreadful example to terrify the people and pi, 



further resistance. An attempt to retake the 

 in June, 1813. by the allied forces under General Sir John 



by 

 all 



Murray, failed completely : for at the approach of Suchet, 

 who was advancing from Valencia, that officer raised the 

 siege and re-emhaiKid his troops with such precipitation 

 that he left all his artillery and stores behind. 



Tarragona is tolerably well built, and the Roman re- 

 mains render it interesting, liesidcs the circus, which is 

 now almost entirely built upon.it has a very fine amphi- 

 theatre, in a good sta; . ation. and a large Rinnan 

 building, probably a temple, which the inhabitant- call 'the 

 of Augustus.' The remains of a splendid aqueduct. 

 which once supplied Tarragona with water, which was 

 brought from a distance of Hi miles, afford lil,, 

 a proof of the importance of the city under the !{..: 

 About tin. ;ist of the city there is a very fine 

 mausoleum, which the vulgar call ' HI Sepu!. 

 Scipiones' the tomb of the Scipios), from a I 

 ('incus and Publius Seipio arc buried under it. Of Hie 

 Moorish domination there remain no oil. 

 large building close to the sea, which i- In lieved to 

 been their arsenal. The cathedral is by far the most iutc 

 resting building in the city, and is well deserving of atten- 

 tion tor its vast dimensions and the ( Ii 

 its Gothic architecture. It d in the year 1117, 

 but has sim ieatly added to. The chape] of Santa 

 Tliecla. which is entirely built of rich marbles and jaspei-. 

 is one of the richest and mo-t ta-teinl'v d.ematcd 111 the 

 church. The great altaipicee too is much admired for 

 its exquisite can 'dcd by a native artist in I I'Jli. 

 Tarragona is the see of an archbishop, who once disputed 

 with that of Toledo the primacy ol Spain. During the 

 Moorish domination, sc\cial provincial and general coun- 

 cils were held there. At the first, which took place in 81G, 



