TEA 



138 



TEA 



and a certain ration be allowed lor each hone, which ex- 

 perience has shown to be sufficient. In the- cavalry, whcic 

 is paid to ecu: -c tluir 



oats, and straw to tin- . 



the)' .:ue they arc exposed to: so like 



should be with a unn. i's team. In the old mode of i. . .1- 

 ing horses with lu much hay a* they would cat, and two 

 bushel* of oaU lor each bone per week, during at least 

 nine montlis in the year, and dung them tares or arti- 

 ficial grasses between spring mminc and harvest, when 

 . !, dmif, the expense of a horse was 

 much greater than most iarmcis could now afford ; and 

 more land was devoted to the keep of Uie team than was 

 -saj-y. The following is the calculation of the cost 

 of the keep of a horse in this way : 



*. 



11 4 



3 in 



3 



32 weeks, at 2 bushel* of oats per week, at 



3*. Gd. per bushel 

 20 weeks, at 1 bushel of oats per week, at 



3*. 6rf. per bushel .... 

 Tares 20 week*, at 6s. ( f, of an acre per week! 

 Hay 32 weeks, 1$ cwt. per week at 4*. per 



cwt. ...... 



Shoeing ...... 



Farrier 



Total 28 6 



The hay and oats are at high prices, but at all events a 

 horse cannot be kept in this way under 10*. per week. 

 They are then however in excellent condition, and able to 

 work ten hour* per dsy in summer and eight in winter. 



On poor land, where gorse or furze grow readily, a MTV 

 cheap food is obtained by bnii-ini; or crushini; the younsr 

 shoots of the irore to destroy the sharp spines which in- 

 jure the mouths of the cattle. Horses reared in large 

 commons ant -often seen bealinir the gorse with their feet, 

 and then eating it greedily : instinct here teaches them tc 

 prepare their own food; and, if they have a sufficient 

 quantity of it, they get fat and in good condition. 



It is of great importance to a person about to hire a 

 farm to know exactly what number of horses will be re- 

 quired for its proper cultivation, and this depends upon 

 many circumstances which must all be taken into con- 

 sideration, and which will make a very material difference, 

 often as much as half the rent of the' land. He is to con- 

 sider the situation of the farm-buildintrs, especially tin 

 stalls and cattle-yards, where the manure is to be made 

 with respect to their distance from the fields ; the state 

 of the roads and the access to the fields ; the distance .. 

 a good markft-town, and whether the fields lie in a ring- 

 .UT scattered. A farm of good light loam wil 

 require one horse for every twenty-five acres for its culti- 

 vation, with an additional one I'm > w iy JK) acres; that is 

 !l horses for 200 acres. The additional horse should be 

 lighter and more active than the n-st, for the farmer to ride 

 on and to drive in a light cart : yet it should be capable o 

 supplying the place of any of the others in case of ill i 

 accident, or when extra work is required, as in harvest or 

 seed time. The larger the farm, or rather the fields, tin. 

 fewer horses are required in proportion to its size, b. 

 much time is lost in turning the plough where the furrow 

 >rt ; and ploughing is always the principal work o 

 the team. If more than two horses arc required to plough 

 the LTOUIld, the soil must lie very comport ;iml he:i\\. am 

 if thi* is not compensated by greater fertility, Ihe e\pcn-i 

 of the bone* will much (MUce the profit of the fanner 

 It is the uii!toui in some farms for each ploughman tohaM 

 the . iii-. own horses: but it is far better to maki 



the feeding and cleaning of horses the business of retrula 

 sen a -liould slci-p ill or near the stablo. ;i. 



very early, so that the horses may be fed and ready to go 

 to work as soon as the ploughman comes. \Vhcn a i.iiu 

 has I or ten hours holding a plough, he is not no 



capable of cleaning and nibbing the horses as one who 

 has only had light work in the day. The horse-kei pn 

 can prepare manure, make composts, cut hay ainl 

 into chart' for the horses, mow tares or other green food 

 or hoe the crops in the season while the horses are I 

 work, and the last thing before they lie down at niirl 

 should be to ive the horses tic 



see that their beds are comfort ii pro 



per order in the btaUc* : good grooming i.-> cil a* great use 



. ithout it they 

 andition. The harnev should 



o a hone as good feed 



in pen. 

 always be cleaned and 



ilacu, not, as u too commonly .. 



lorses in the stables. Tie 



ornaments, but strength and simplicity should h< 



The weight and size of the colhu> u in mam . 



'no licht, provided tl 

 111. The work in the field wh-.-n'th. 

 should be divided so as to give the hor- 



tinir which they should be fed with 

 \\hcn the fields are near the stables the hoi-. 

 'irought home, but a put table munircr i^ 

 nto the field, such a.- is ncd at the inns on the roads 

 where carriers stop to bait. In winter it may be as 



finish the day's work with only an interval of half an 

 Hour. The time in summer should be from ~> ill the 

 morning till 1(1. and from 2 till 7 if the wi-all. 

 warm, resting I hon n (i till 11 and from 1 



till (i, resting - hours. In winter the tune is : 



:mg half an hour or an hour hclw. . 12. 



With irood fcedimr and grooming this is by nn .. 

 hard work when the work ri 



The heavier and lighter kind of work should beoarra 

 that when horses nave worked hard for a day or two. 

 may have one or two days of lighter work. In i. 

 of England the pace of the horses and then 

 much less than in Scotland: two horses should pi. 

 an acre a day or more, on an n 

 can get much more accomplished than 1 hive-quart i 

 an acre, if they plough a good depti 

 or iriass lays. In the light s-amU of Noifolk and Lim 

 shiie they go over much ground: but 'here the I'm 

 are wide and shallow, and the horses miirht ca.sih tint 

 with the plough if the ploughman could keep up with 

 them. In Flanders such land is ploughed with one i 

 only : and the work is well done. There is y 

 room for improvement in the use and management of the 

 team on most farms in England. 



TEAXO. [LAVORO, TERRA DI.] 



TEAKS. rKvi:. p. M'J. | 



TKA/I.K Dtptactu Fuflbnmn) is a plant which : 

 wild in the hedges, but an improved van." fully 



cultivated in those districts of England win., 

 manufactured. It is used for the purpo.-e of fonnintr a 



- of brush with which the i 



fabric are diawn to the .surface, where they product 

 is usually called the imp of the cloth. The t. 

 fine hooked awn, which very readily inr-iu f mtci 



the woollen web, and draws out with it some of the tine 

 of the wool; these are afterwards shorn smooth, nna 

 leave the cloth with the line \clvcl-like nap which : 

 ]ieculiar appearance. A further ai-count of the 



Ming, in the woollen nianulacture, is given in > 

 1'hilosopliy of Manufactures.' p. I'.C. 



Teazles will grow in any soil ; but they grow 

 and best in a stiff' loam. They require (he soil to i 

 good heart, and are supposed to exhaust it much ; but no 

 Cicat portion of manure is required to obtain a rjood crop. 

 Like all the tribe of thistles. lhe\ irrow .ouiid 



newly turned vip from crais' which h;u lain some time, lUid 

 the sune ground will not again produce them c 

 :i ijiudity till alter a .uterval. Trie 



toazle which grows in hedges appears nl liist Mijht to be 

 the same a-s lh- hut it- w of no u 



tin' cloth-worker from the weakness of the awns, which 

 break oil', instead of drawini; the wool out of the surface 

 of the web. 



The ifrowing of teazles is a peculiar trade, and a kind of 

 speculation. The teazle-grower hiii of ground 



suited to his purpose from the fanner for two \rai-. 

 pays a considerable rent. If the ground is : 

 ironi grass, i; is ploughed ius deep as the slajile oi ill. 

 l>ennits, and as early as possible, if before winter >o much 

 the better: the ground is laid in . on which 



the seed is drilled in April, in rows frvm 1^ 

 inches apait ; moisture is necessary to make tin 

 inmate. As soon as the plants appear, they are : 

 out, and the int. 

 the summer, the gron 



:is it is called, to a e< '.>, with \. 



and long spades; this greatly i: .., |>lants. In 



.\y\eiubcr, some plants may bo tnuuplauted from \ 



