T E R 





T E R 



DtonvMu*. ii. 74.) A careful examination of the worship 

 of thi god khowi that Terminus was only a surname of 

 Jupiter, who was wondupjx-d under this name a* the 

 guardian of boundaric*. The stone pillars tl.t-i:. 

 were regarded a* sMiibolu-nl repNMBtatioai of the god 

 1 hence 'jHThapa the severe law mentioned by 



-, that whoever displaced such a pillar should, to- 

 gether with his oxen, be devoted to the god. In the same 

 manner in which the boundaries between the lands of 

 private individuals were marked, the original territory of 

 r Komanus) was separated by pillars from the 

 torn- rhbouring tribes. In the'directiou of I.au- 



rentum" tin-re was such a pillar (terminus) between the 

 fifth and sixth milestones from Koine on the J,auieiitine 

 road. Tin;, was the public. Terminus. The cod had a 

 temple on the Capitol, and the part of the roof just abo\e 

 the symbolical pillar was left open. (Fcstns: s 

 A-l .l"i.. ix. 448.) A story to account for this peculiarity 

 is related bv Ovid (fin//, i'i. 071. &c.) and others. 



TE'RMtNt'S, or TERM, signifies, in sculpture and 

 architecture, a pillar statue, that i*. either a hall' Matin- or 

 bust, not placed upon, but incorporated with, and as it 

 were immediately springing out of the square pillar which 



s as its pedestal. If they be mere busts, liirurcs of 

 this kind are usually distinguished by the name of Heniuc 

 CEp/iai ; and busts which, instead of having a circular 

 moulded base, resemble the upper part of a terminus, are 

 called terminal busts. There are ninny such busts and also 

 some termini in the Townlev Collection at the Hritish 



uiii : among others a double terminal bust of Bacchus 

 and Libera ; and a terminal statue of Pan, nearly a w hole 

 figure, with a deeply moulded base. The terminus or 

 pillar part is frequently made to taper dmrnti-ards, or 

 made narrower at its base than above, which mode of 

 diminution, the reverse of that employed for columns, 

 was no doubt intended by way of similarity to the general 

 outline of the human figure, whose greatest breadth is at 



ouldcrs. It has been supposed that the earl icst statues 



merely terminal figures, upright stones, erected as 

 land-marks and boundaries, the upper end of which w:is 

 mdely carved into the shape of a head, which fonn was 

 ntterwards retained for occasional purposes after sculpture 

 had arrived at perfection. By modern artists the pedMbU 

 part is usually made tapering downwards or narrowest just 

 above its base ; when it is called the gaine, from its resem- 

 blance to the scabbard of a sword. 



In architectural design Terms are employed in lieu of 



itides, not however as insulated pillars, but as pilasters 

 forming a small order or attic, or a decoration to gateways. 

 doors, Sec. They frequently occur in what is called tin 



>'ntt> and our own Elizabethan style. 

 TERMINUS is also now used to signily the buildings for 

 offices, &c., at the extremity of a railroad, whereas those 

 erected at intervals along its course are called H/iiHo/m. 

 The establishment of railroads has therefore given rise to 

 a new class of structures, which from their nature and ex- 

 tent admit of being rendered very stalking in character 

 and design. One of the most monunu'iitnl architectural 

 works of the kind as yet erected, is the Terminus of the 

 London and Birmingham Railway, in Euston-square, a 

 Grecian Doric propvlieum (distyle in antis, on both fronts) 

 on a large scale, the columns being about 70 feet high. 

 The Terminus at the Birmingham end, though by the same 

 architect Hardwick), is in the Italian style. (For views, tec. 

 of both structures, see Companion to the 'Almanack' for 

 1839.) Other termini that may be mentioned for their 

 pretensions to architecture, are those of the London and 

 Southampton Railway, the one at Nine ' ixhall, 



the other at Southampton, both handsome buildings in 

 the Italian style, by Tite ; that at Blackwall, by the same 

 architect . and in a similar style ; and those at Liverpool, York, 

 and Brighton. The positive ncccs-ity for some covered 

 gallery, either colonnade or arcade, and the obvious 

 i t unity afforded for making a spacious portal, either 

 propylanim or gateway, a marked feature in the general 

 design, afford* more than ordinary scope to the architect. 

 Now that railroads (Cfiemini de t-'er, and Kisenbahneii, as 

 the French and Germans term them) have been introduced 

 Ley have there also given occasion to 



many architectural constructions lor their termini. Some 



IVniuni may be KOCH in 

 i-i-hcs Album.' 

 a section of iS'curopterous insects, in 



which I.alrcill, includes the genera Muntiipa, Baphidia, 

 , and l't<" Mallv 



regarded as constituting three distinct families, and will 

 be In as such, ciiimiicnciiii; with the Knj.ln- 



diidee of Leach, which contains the two first-mentioned 

 genera. The nisn-ts nf this family have the antenna: 

 slender and composed of more than ten joint.-, ; the 



from three to five joints ; the w; nl\ equal 



in si/.e and ha\e numerous nervures inclosing small poly- 

 gonal cells : the prothorax is lone and sK-;: 



The genus M<i>iti*/m is at once distinguished by the 

 peculiar structure of the anterior paii which are 



large, have the tilmi' broad and compressed, and pro', 

 beneath with spines; the joints of the tarsi are indistinct, 

 and also furnished beneath with spines : the tarsi of the 

 other four legs are distinctly live-jointed. The antennae 

 are short, about equal to the head in length, and slender. 

 The prothorax is elongated, slender, and broadest in front. 

 The wings, when at rest, meet over the abdomen. 



The Miintispa pagaim (Kabricius) is rather less than 

 three-quarters of an inch in length, and of a browmsh-ycl- 

 km COI9Qr; the wings are transparent, the superior pair 

 have the upper margin yellow. It is found in Frano 

 Germany. 



In Brazil are species closely allied to Manti\jm, which 

 differ in having the antenme as long as the body: the 

 are nearly horizontal ; the body is depressed and ter- 

 minated by two little appendices. They form the genus 

 Hnplouhora of Perty. 



In the genus Kaphidia the body is rather slender, the 

 prothorax is long and almost cylindrical, the head broad 

 and somewhat depressed, and the eyes are prominent ; the 

 antennae are as long as the head and thorax, and composed 

 of about thirty-seven joints. The abdomen is terminated 

 in the female by a long ovipositor. The legs are slender, 

 of moderate length, and the tarsi are four-jointed. 



Raphidia ophiopais is not an uncommon insect in this 

 country : it is rather more than one-third of an inch in 

 length, and the expanded wings measure f of an inch ; 

 the head and body are black, the antenna: and legs are 

 yellow, and the wings are transparent. 



The larva of this insect lives in the bark of trees and is 

 said to prey upon other insects. It is exceedingly acti\e 

 in its motions, which are somewhat like those of a snake. 

 The body is soft, long, and slender, of a brown colour, 

 .-tri]>ed, and variegated with yellow ; the head and pro- 

 thorax are corneous and of a black colour. In the pupa 

 all the parts of a perfect insect are distinct, being enveloped 

 in a thin membrane. 



Family Trrniitidte. This family is distinguished by the 

 following characters : Wings with few transverse nei 

 folding horizontally ; tarsi four-jointed ; antenna; short and 

 moniliform ; body depressed. 



In the genus f< //// .% the head is large and rounded, and 

 besides the ordinary compound eyes, it has three ocelli, or 

 simple eyes, situated on the upper surface ; the antenna; are 

 as long as the head and thorax, inserted in front ot 'tit. 

 and composed of about eighteen joints. The abdomen is 

 terminated by two small jointed appendages. 



The Termites, or white ants, as they are oil en called, 

 though they have little affinity with the true ants, are 

 chiefly conhned to the tropics ; some few species hnwi \ IT 

 extend into the temperate regions. Like the 1" 

 and ants, which live in society, the Termites are con. 

 of three kinds of individuals, "males, females, and what are 

 termed neuters or workers. Their ravages in the warmer 

 parts of the globe are well known. They unite in societies 

 composed < ach of an immense number of indi\i<- 

 li\in-r in the ground and in trees, and often attacking the 

 wood-work of houses; in which they form innunn 

 galleries, all of which lead to a central point. In forming 

 these galleries they avoid piercing the surface of the wood- 

 work, and hence it appears sound when the slightest touch 

 is sometimes sufficient to cause it to fall to pi' 



The termites sometimes erect their domiciles on the 

 ground in the form of pyramids or cc 'hues with 



a roof, and these nests are often very numerous, and resem- 

 ble the huts of savages. 



The larva- u.-arly locmble the perfect insect, excepting 



that they possess no wind's. The pupse have rudimentary 



wings. 'The neuters difl'er from the males and females in 



mi wimrs, in bavinir the body stouter, the head 



much longer and provided with long jaws crossing at the 



