T E R 



T E R 



and having at certain seasons no predilection for places, 

 where the climate suits, the roving flocks or stragglers find 

 equally a home on every coast, shoal, or island.' (Manual 

 "f Ornithology.) 



The vessel however is not ahvays friendly. Blieh found 

 the bird a seasonable supply to himself and his famished 

 crew in his celebrated boat-voyage after the mutiny of the 

 Bounty [BI.IGH] ; and Byron has improved the incident 

 in the terrible scene after the shipwreck in ' Don Juan.' 

 [BOOBY, vol. v., p. 159.] 



TERNATE, an island in the Indian Archipelago, is 

 traversed by 50' N. lat. and 127 20' E. long. It is 10 

 miles long and from four to five miles wide. It derives its 

 reputation from the circumstance that its sovereign is in 

 possession of a considerable portion of the islands of 

 Cilolo and Celebes ; and on this account the Dutch have 

 thought it expedient to form a considerable establishment 

 on the island at Fort Orange. The northern group of the 

 Moluccas has been called the Ternate Islands, though this 

 island is only one of the smaller ones which belong to 

 them, some of which are of great extent, especially 

 Gilolo. 



The greater part of the island appears to be occupied 

 bv a volcano, which, according to Valentyn, attains an 

 elevation of 367 ruths and 2 feet, or 4095" feet English, 

 above the sea-level. The remainder of the island is very 

 fertile, and affords rice and the other productions of the 

 Indian Archipelago : but we have very little information 

 on these points, iu the. Dutch have always excluded 

 foreigners, and prevent the natives from trading with the 

 neighbouring islands, lest the spices which grow on this 

 and other islands of the group should be brought to 

 other countries by any other channel than their own com- 

 merce ; and although the English have been twice in pos- 

 session of the Dutch settlement, their attention has been 

 more directed to the great Dutch colonies than to this 

 comparatively small establishment. We learn only from 

 Forrest, that the inhabitants of the Sooloo Archipelago 

 were permitted to trade with Ternate, and that they im- 

 ported large quantities of different articles of Chinese 

 manufacture, which they exchanged for rice, edible birds'- 

 irepang, sharks' fins, tortoise-shells, and small pearls: 

 they exported also a great number of lories. 



The inhabitants are Malays, who have embraced Islam. 

 There are three mosques. The king, who possesses also 

 the northern part of Gilolo, and the north-eastern limb of 

 Celebes, where the Dutch have two settlements at Manado 

 and Gurontalu, and several of the adjacent islands, lives 

 in great state. These countries however are governed by 

 separate chiefs, who in many R>]," < ;- resemble the feudal 

 icracy of the middle ages : but the king and the chiefs 

 are dependent on the Dutch governor of Amboyna, of which 

 government Ternate forms a regency. 



Ternate was first visited by the Portuguese in 1521, and 

 some years afterwards they formed a settlement, which 

 passed into the hands of the Dutch in 160G ; who, in 1680, 

 reduced the king to a state of dependence on them, and 

 enlarged their establishment. In 1797 it was taken, toge- 

 ther with Amboyna, by the English, who restored it at the 

 peace in 1801 : it was again taken in 1810, and again given 

 up to Holland by the treaty of Paris in 1814. 



(Forrest's Voyage to New Guinea and the Moluccas, 

 <5j-c. ; Stavorinus's Voyages to the East Indies : Von 

 But-h's Phynihalische Hcsch reibung der Canarischen Inseln, 

 4-c.) 



TERNI. [SPOLETO.] 



TERNSTROMIA'CE^, a natural order of plants be- 

 longing to the Calycose group of polypetalous Dicotyle- 

 dons. As at present constituted, by Cambessedes, who is 

 followed by Lindley, this order consists of trees or shrubs 

 with alternate coriaceous leaves, without stipules, mostly 

 undivided, and sometimes with pellucid dots. The 

 flowers are generally white in colour, sometimes pink or 

 red, and arc arranged in axillary or terminal peduncles, 

 articulated at the base. The calyx is composed of > or 

 7 sepals, imbricated in aestivation, the innermost the 

 largest : petals it. (i. or 9, often combined at the l;:is<.- : sta- 

 imlrtiinte with monadelphous or polyadelphous 

 filaments, and versatile or adnate anthers; ovary superior; 

 capsule 2 7 celled ; seeds few, attached to a central axis, 

 with little or no albumen, and a straight embryo, the 

 cotyledons of which are very large, and often filled with 

 oil. This order includes the" Theaceic of Mirbel and the 



Camellieae of De Candolle. Their closest affinity is with 

 the order Guttiferae, from which they differ in their alter- 

 nate leaves ; in the parts of their flowers being 5 and its 

 multiples ; in the calyx being distinct from the corolla ; 

 in their twisted aestivation, and in their thin inadherent 

 cotyledons. They have also relations with Hypeiicaceae 

 and Marcgraaviacae. The plants of this order are prin- 

 cipally inhabitants of Asia and America ; one species only 

 is a native of Africa. 



This order includes the genus Thea, and hence is one 

 of great osconomical importance. [THEA.] It is supposed 

 that the dried leaves brought to this country under the 

 name of tea are not alone the produce of the genus Thea, 

 but that the leaves of some species of Camellia are also 

 mixed with them. [CAMELLIA.] Independent of these two 

 genera, little is known of the properties of this order. 

 The Cochlospermuin insigne is used as a medicine in 

 internal bruises in Brazil, where it is called Butua do curvo. 

 The C. tinctorium yields a yellow dye ; and the seeds of 

 C. Gossypium yield a gum resembling Tragacanth, for 

 which it is substituted. 



Theft Bohee. 



I, brnncli with flower* and leaves; 2. superior ovary with trifid stijjni.i; 

 3, fruit entire ; 4, capsule dehiscent. 



TERPA'MJKR (TtnTravfyo?), the earliest and the most 

 important historical personage in the history of Greek 

 music and its connection with poetry, for he was both a 

 ini'.-ician and a poet. He was a native of Antissa, in the 

 island of Lesbos, and his best period falls in the latter half 

 of the seventh century before Christ. There are few 

 events in his life that can be chronologically established. 

 In B.C. 676, at, the first celebration of the musical contests 

 during the festival of the Carneia near Sparta, Terpander 

 was crowned as victor. (Athenapus, xiv., p. 635.) He 

 afterwards gained four successive prizes in the musical 

 contests at the Pythian games (Plutarch, De Mttsica, 4) ; 

 and these victories piobably fall between the years 672 and 

 HI") H.C., since in the latter of these years he was at. Sparta, 

 and there introduced his nomes (vopoi) for singing to the 

 accompaniment of the cithara, and was engaged in re- 

 ducing the music of the Greeks, such as it then was, to a 

 ir svstcm. (Marmnr. Puriuin, Epoch. 34 ; Plutarch, 

 l)i' MHS". 9.) At this time his fame must have reached its 

 height. His descendants, or at, least the musicians of his 

 school (3opij>(5oi). continued for more than a century to 

 obtain the prize at the Carneia every year without any in- 

 terruption. 



Numerous musical inventions are said to have been 

 made by Terpander ; many of them however may have 

 been made by other persons, especially such as belonged 

 school, and were subsequently ascribed to the father 

 and founder of the art. Of '"aiiv o'f his inventions we are 

 unable to form any clear idea. The most important, among 

 them however is the seven-stringed cithara (heptachord). 



2H2 



