T E K 



241 



T E R 



hard-footed dogs of the Cymbers, and that the first were 

 brought over 1'rom the north-west of Europe with the pri- 

 mitive inhabitants. Certain it is that the intermixture of ! 

 terrier blood with other and later races has in no instance 

 tended to diminish their courage, hardihood, and fidelity : 

 and in no part of Europe has the rough-haired breed re- 

 tained so completely as in Britain all the traits which con- 

 stitute a typical species.' 



Terriers may be divided into two sections, the one rough 

 and wire-haired, the other smooth-haired and generally 

 more delicate in appearance. In courage and sagacity 

 there is little difference if the dogs be well bred, but the 

 rough and wiry coat of the former is a greater protection 

 from the attack of its adversary, and it is, if anything, the 

 most severe biter of the two. They are of all colours, red, 

 black, with tanned faces, flanks, legs, and feet, brindled, 

 sandy, brown pied, white, and white pied. The Pepper 

 and Mustard breeds, rendered famous by Sir Walter Scott, 

 are highly valued. 



Kvery pack of fox-hounds, to be complete, should be 

 accompanied by a brace of terriers, and one should be 

 smaller than the other, so that if one should be stopped 

 by a small earth, the other may enter. For terriers going 

 with hounds, any colour is better than all red, for a red 

 terrier is sometimes mistaken for a fox, and hallooed off as 

 one by inexperienced sportsmen. 



Mr. Daniel, in his 'Rural Sports,' gives the following 

 account of the ferocity and affection of a terrier bitch : 

 Alter a very severe burst of more than an hour, a fox was 

 by Mi-. Daniel's hounds run to earth at Heney Dovehouse, 

 ill-ill- Sudbury, in Suffolk; the terriers were lost, but as the 

 fox went to ground in view of the headmost hounds, and 

 it was the concluding day of the season, it was resolved to 

 die him. Two men from Sudbury brought two terriers 

 fur that purpose, and, after considerable labour, the hunted 

 fox was got and given to the hounds. While they were 

 breaking the fox, one of the terriers slipt back into the 

 earth and again laid; after more digging a bitch-fox was 

 taken out. The terrier had killed two cubs in the earth, 

 but three others were saved from her fury. These the 

 owner of the bitch begged to have, saying he should make 

 her suckle them. This was laughed at as impossible ; the 

 man how ever was positive, and hail the cubs: the hitch 

 fox was carried away and turned into an earth in another 

 country. 



Mr. 'Daniel then relates that, as the terrier had behaved 

 so well at earth, he some days afterwards bought her, with 

 the cubs which she had fostered. Tin- bitch continued to 

 suckle them regularly, and reared them until they were 

 able to shift for themselves : what adds to the singularity, 

 Mr. Daniel observes, is that the terrier's whelp was nearly 

 five weeks old, and the cubs could just see, when this ex- 

 change of progeny was made. He also states that a cir- 

 cumstance partly similar to the foregoing occurred in 1797, 

 at the duke of Richmond's, at Goodwood, where five foxes 

 were nurtured and suckled by two foxhound bitches. 



The same author states, that in April, 1784, his hounds 

 found at Bromfield-Hall wood. By some accident the 

 whipper-in was thrown out, and after following the track 

 two or three miles, gave up the pursuit. As he returned 

 home, he came through the fields near the cover where 

 the fox was found. A terrier that was with him whined 

 and was very busy at the foot of a pollard oak, and he 

 dismounted, supposing that there might be a hole at the 

 bottom harbouring a polecat or some small vermin. No 

 hole could he discern. The dog was eager to get up the 

 tree, which was covered with twigs from the stem to the 

 crown, and upon which was visible the dirt left by some- 

 thing that had gone up and down the boughs. The 

 whipper-in lifted the dog as high as he could, and the 

 terrier's eagerness increased. He then climbed the tree, 

 putting up the dog before him. The instant the terrier 

 reached the top the man heard him seize something, and, 

 '. found him fast chapped with a bitch-fox, 

 secured, as well as four cubs. The height of the 

 tree was twenty-three feet ; nor was there any mode for 

 , go to or from her young, except the outside 

 the tree had no bend to render the path easy. 

 Tin i bs were bagged, and bred up tame to corn- 



men; extraordinary case: one of them belonged 



to ML Leigh, and used to run tame about the coffee- 

 roorn at Wood's hotel, ','ovent Garden. 



The breed of terriers recommended in the old times 

 1'. C., No. 1018; 



when the huntsman went on foot, was from a Beagle ant! 

 Mongrel Mastiff', or from any small thick-skinned dog that 

 had courage. Thus the coat and courage were supposed 

 to come from the Cur, and the giving tongue from the 

 Beagle. The time for entering the young terriers at a fox 

 or badger was when their age was ten or twelve months, 

 with an old terrier to lead them on. When entered at a 

 fox, and the old one was taken, the young terriers were 

 set to attack the cubs unassisted, and when they killed 

 them, both young and old terriers were rewarded with the 

 blood and livers fryed with cheese, with fox's or badger's 

 grease : at the same time the dogs were shown the heads 

 and skins to encourage them. There were other cere- 

 monies recommended, too cruel to be repeated, and which 

 could have been of little or no service. Honest Dandie 

 Dinmont's mode of entering his Pepper and Mustard gene- 

 rations is as good as can be practised. 



A cross of the terrier with the bull-dog for the purposes 

 of badger-baiting, &c., was at one time much in vogue. 

 Of this breed was the celebrated dog Billy, famous for his 

 destruction of rats. He was often turned into a room 

 with a hundred of those animals, and he frequently killed 

 every one of them in less than seven minutes. 



Of those inhuman practices it is degrading the term to 

 call them sports badger-baiting, cat-killing, dog-fighting, 

 and the like, we purposely say nothing here, except that 

 they have been, most properly, put down by law in the 

 metropolis and its vicinity. 



TERRIER, from the French word terrier, a land-book, 

 a register or survey of lands. Those best known in this 

 country are the ecclesiastical terriers made under the pro- 

 visions of the 87th canon. They consist of a detail of the 

 temporal possessions of the church in the parish. They 

 ought to be signed by the parson, and are sometimes also 

 signed by the churchwardens and some of the substantial 

 inhabitants of the parish. Their proper place of custody 

 is the bishop's or archdeacon's registry : a copy also is 

 frequently placed in the parish chest. If a terrier is proved 

 to be produced from the proper custody, and therefore 

 may be presumed to be genuine, it is in all instances evi- 

 dence as against the parson. And in those instances where 

 it has been signed by churchwardens elected by the parish 

 or by the inhabitants, it is also evidence as against the inha- 

 bitants generally ; even against those occupying lands 

 other than the lands occupied by the inhabitants who 

 signed it. The questions in respect of which a terrier is 

 generally employed as evidence are those relating to the 

 glebe, tithes, a modus, &c. 



(Starkie, On Kriili-nce.) 



TERTIARY STRATA, the title given by almost 

 universal consent of geologists to the uppermost great. 

 group of strata. Previous to the publication of the 'Essay 

 on the Geology of the Basin of Paris,' by MM. Cuvier 

 and Brongniart, in 1810, but little attention had been 

 awakened to this great mass of deposits, though the fami- 

 liar use of the terms primary and secondary, and the 

 acknowledged dissimilitude between the latest of these 

 strata and modern accumulations from water, in respect of 

 mineral aggregation and organic exuviae, seemed to be 

 prophetic of the discovery of a newer type more in har- 

 mony with existing nature. 



The extent to which, over great tracts in all quarters of 

 the globe, this type has been found to prevail, is exceed- 

 ingly great : most of the capital cities of Europe are built 

 upon tertiary strata ; many of the broadest plains and 

 widest valleys in the New and the Old World are nothing 

 but the dried beds of seas and lakes of the tertiary period : 

 and some considerable mountain ranges bear on their 

 high summits, and still more abundantly on their flanks, 

 portions of the shelly tertiary strata which were uplifted 

 from their original horizontaiity and subjected to the con- 

 vulsive movement! of which the mountain ranges are the 

 result. In almost every part of the globe strata of this 

 tertiary series prevail, and yield astonishing numbers of 

 shells, corals, Crustacea, and other remains of marine, fresh- 

 water, and terrestrial invertebrata, and more locally abun- 

 dant layers of fishes, and rich deposits of bones of mam- 

 malia, &c. Possessing so many attractions, and affording 

 such unusual facilities for study, the tertiary strata of Italy, 

 France, England, Northern Europe, the eastern states of 

 North America, the great tracts of Brazil, Patagonia, 6cc., 

 have been the theatre of great and laborious investigati 

 which have brought forward our knowledge of these de- 



VOL. XXIV. -2 1 



