T E R 



2+2 



T E R 



pout* to at lea* an equal advance with that of the older 

 ttrata. 



Mmi- than thu can hardly be mid with jn 

 tlioi 



: producing modern accumulation* of 

 tediment* and orgai v\'.,ich produced 



> strata, the >nmulr\. 



of these i almost completely known, then 



iDiprehended, because tl 



>e ktrala was performed under : 



.1- tin- accumulations "I Minds and 

 -.on the actual sea-bed, and because, since tlu-u 1 pro- 

 duction and elevation from e;i- :i dry land, 

 thcv lu\c, I'H >in their mm. :\ and inferior indara- 

 tion, been IDOIT subject to super e and dcstinction 

 than the older, nit< ., and more consolidated 

 strata. The incompleteness of our knowledge of the 



gfnfml history of the tertian . ideut by the in- 



completeness of the classification \\liicli represents that 

 history, and on this point, the only one which it appear* 

 -<iry here to discuss, we shall otic, marks. 



AmoiiL'tlie primary and secondary strata [GEOUH;Y] sub- 

 divisi iponding to succesnve times of 



have been found practicable and definable, and traceable 

 immense areas by mean* of a combination of m 

 tural, and organic characters. Limestones of certain 

 kinds, as chalk, oolite, magnesias-lime- . mipa- 



nied with green, brown, or n 



:: I holding spatangi, apiocrinites. or pa- 

 laeom and disunion- >us. oolitic, and 



niagne.siaii formations and systems of - -tiata 



ling to the carboniferous and other older s\ stems 

 of nicks. This has not been found so practicable, in "regard 

 to tli. . which, though presenting many dif- 



ferent sorts of strata, oft'er in the inuiimr <>f combination 

 amonirv. these too many general analogies, and too much 

 of local difference, to be conveniently ranged into forma- 

 - having more than a local value, by means 

 of mineral und strnctuial characters!. 



Some assistance towards the desired classification ap- 

 peared to be furnished by the alternation of marine and 

 water sediments, as in the Isle of Wight, and in the 

 basin of Paris, and hence the titles of Upper and ' 

 Marine, Upper and Lower Freshwater deposits acquired 

 a considerable application. Hut the most successful and 

 .lily best-founded classification of tertiary strata rests 

 : a study of their oriranic content*. 



It has been long remarked that in those strata, wherever 



'(cur. the forms of animal and vegetable life make a 



near approach, even specifically, to living types, liy 



,\ examination, a certain number < have 



found in tertiary strata actually identical with or un- 



distinguishable from living objects. The pioportion in 



which these still living species are mixed with now extinct 



lifved to be extinct) forms varies, so that in Sicily 



\ beds occur with above !X) per cent, of still living 



- ..I shells, but in the basins of London and Paris 



others are found containing only about \i per ccnl. 



There are reasons independent of these proportions 

 which leave no doubt that the strata i n and 



Paris, which contain only 'i per cent, of livinLT f'.rm-. are 

 among the oldest ot K : while the Sicilia- 



which contain only about r> per cent, of extinct ^ 

 are amount the most recent. 



. this kind generalized lead to a speculation 



which is strongly confirmed by the general current of 



overy. that the relative antiquity of ter- 



. may be judged of by the relative proportion 



shells which air tumid in them 



Ibis i :l have founded 



the most prevalent modern classification of tertiary strata, 

 which may be thus I .lied: 



it I'l'rinil. 



Newer Pleiocene Period, the strata containing not 



" in a hundred. 

 Older Pleincene Period, the strata containing about 50 



in a hundred. 



IVnod. the strata containing about 80 extinct 

 hundred. 



the strata containing about 95 extinct 

 ipecies in a hundred. 



'Thews term* are taken from the Greek itmvuc, re 



combined with *Xti'i-. more. p,i*v, less and ju, c , the 



dawn. . 



The principle of jrr rent>i(;, emploved b\ Mr. Lvi'll in 

 this , .,i,UI not be si. 



account of its HL-OIOUS numerical re- 

 found locully inapplicable. li i> iui|H.s.,|.li. ih;r 

 should be otherwise, for the mnneri. 

 iranic 



ditions a.s well as to the 

 influences ; but that the irreat ea 

 lion- of the forms of p'anls and animals in Mice. 



I.K|S. whether ])iimaiv. secondary. i>i teili: 



of piiysii-al cncmn- 



- ihtlucntial on organic life, appears am] 



:.t that tin- 



of iudiMih.. ;iions. and the numeiical iiiojioitions 



of their coiiibinnlions. are in harmony with and iudn 

 of the successive physical conditions when they live.. 

 jiieiitly of the ...ds to which ' 



]ih\sical conditions belonged. The compaiison of indivi- 

 dual fossil and living foims is m mil that not the 

 .il or important, mode Of manifesting the I 

 "tits of organic life 



Is. By some other less obvious arithmetical ]iro- 

 !, the relatr antient and modern i 



may he made to appear numerically, independent of any 

 such specific comparisons, and without limitation o; 



iphical rcfriou. Th. n at- 



tcmptcd in regard to the !' Ibcsila L'cneially. and 



I of Devonshire specially, und the result aft'ords 

 remarkable encouragement to the application, 

 calculations based on exact data repiesentinir the 1111 



inctly recognisable form* of different irronps of 

 organic remains, whether these be of living or extinct 

 tubes. 



We have only further to remark, that the tertiary strata 

 more distinctly defined and separated from the 

 uppermost secondary strata than from the recent 

 water. In fact the most natural classification of t. 



lie products, tertiary strata, and tertiary organn 

 mains, is with the living creation. In tertiary strata 

 the phenomena of mineral accumulation seem to be such 

 witnessed in daily operation : they contain marine, 

 littoial, and pelagic deposits; actuary and flmiatile sedi- 

 ments: lacustrine beds hardlv distinguishable from such 

 as are now in progress. In these sediments occur remains 

 of a system of terrestrial and aquatic life as complete if 

 we except reasoning man ' as that now in activity : and if 

 the absence' of man. and the animals v, Inch seem : 



itcd with him for his comfort and ,v in the 



actual creation, be thought a sufficient reason to n i 

 fiom historic time the account of tertiary deposits, and to 

 justify the adoption of a distinct c. Of modern 



period in geological classifications, it is not the less true 

 that the geological date of the epoch of this period, the 

 line of separation between it and the terli ;- en- 



tirely unknown by direct and positive facts, and ap : 

 incapable of determination by reasoning on any collateral 

 phenomena at present ascertained, 



l.\, I!./'/-///.,. . DC la Beche, Geol<>L 



' : Phillip 



TKKTU.l.IA'MS. i.iVINTUS SEPTIMIUS FLO- 

 1\K\S. the earliest of the Latin ecclesiastical w; 

 lived in the latter part of the second century and the be- 

 ginning of the third. The exact date of his birth is un- 

 known : Tilleinout supposes that it was in !(>() A.U., and 

 have fixed it as carU as l;i.~>. li . ord- 



iiiLT to Jerome :!>; I if. filutt., ~>.l . at ('arthasre. where 

 his father was a centurion in tin I the proc 



of Africa, lie ei-,ibi:!i-ed the profession ol 

 rhetorician, in which he ;i| 



cmini Hi :.,d of his life In hen. 



. l!l : 



19, .Vi : ./ 



converted to ( 'hristi;: in nil \<- 



though an cxpn s-ion ol I 



been thought, to imply that his conversion look pl:> 

 Rome. Immediately Upon his conversion ! 

 a piesbjtcr. About the end of the second < 

 writer i the vear 2lK)i. he ! Moii- 



tanist. [Mo Jeiome /. C. 



to his suffer m^ from the envy and insults of the clciiry of 

 the Koman eliurch, but a more adequate and more pro- 



