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In the cultivation of the Germander a dry soil and shady 

 situation are best. The annual kinds are best propagated 

 by seeds sown in an open border. The perennial and 

 shrubby kinds we readily increased by division and by 

 cuttings of the young wood. 



TEUTHIDyE, Professor Owen's name for the Calama- 

 ries, his fourth family of Decapadous Cephalopods, de- 

 rived from Teuthos (j-tuOoj), applied by Aristotle to the 

 ton-armed Malakia with an internal horny plate or gla- 

 dius. An outline of the family will be found in the article 

 TF.TRABRANCHIATA. 



Family Character. Animal, body sometimes oblong and 

 depressed, generally elongated and cylindrical ; with a 

 pair of fins varying in their relative size and position, but 

 generally broad, shorter than the body, and terminal. 



Shell internal, rudimental, in the form of a thin, straight, 

 elongated, horny lamina ; encysted in the substance of the 

 dorsal aspect of the mantle. (Owen.) 



Professor Owen divides the family into the following 

 sections : 



Section A. 



Genus, Sepioteuthis, Blainville. 



Generic Character. Body oval, flattened, with narrow 

 lateral fins, extending its whole length ; anterior margin 

 of the mantle unattached. Horny hoops of the acetabula 

 with denticulated margins. Gladius or rudimental shell 

 long and wide. (Owen.) 



Example Sepioteuthis loliginiformis, Rtippel. 



Genus, Loligo, Cuvier. 



Generic Character. Body elongated, cylindrical, pro- 

 vided with a pair of rhomboidal or triangular fins, snorter 

 than the body, and terminal, their apices generally con- 

 verging to a point, and united to the end of the mantle ; 

 anterior margin of the mantle free. Horny hoops of 

 the acetabula denticulated. Gladius long and narrow. 

 (Owen.) 



Example, Loligo vulgaris. The common Calamary, or 

 Pen-fish, abundant on our coasts. 



Genus Onychoteuthis, Liechtenstein. 



Generic Character. Body and fins as in the genus 

 Loligo ; long and narrow ; horny hoops of the tentacular, 

 and sometimes of the brachial, acetabula produced into the 

 form of hooks or claws. Gladius long, broadest in the 

 middle. (Owen.) 



Genus, Russia, Owen. [SEPIAD*, vol. xxi., p. 253.] 



Genus, Sepiola, Leach. 



Generic Character. Body rounded, short ; anterior mar- 

 gin of the mantle adherent to the back of the head ; fins 

 advanced, circular, short, subpedunculate, distant and sub- 

 dorsal. Gladius short and narrow. (Owen.) 



Example, Sepiola Rondeletii, Leach. ; 

 Section B. 



Genus Loligopsis, Lamarck. 



Generic Character. Body long and cylindrical, termi- 

 nated by a pair of conjoined, large, round fins, forming 

 generally a circular disc ; anterior border of the mantle 

 adherent to the back of the head for a small extent. Ten- 

 tarula very long and slender (frequently mutilated). Gla- 

 iliui long, narrowest in the middle, dilated posteriorly. 

 (Owen.) 



Example, Loligopsis Veranii, Fe'russac. 



Genus Cranchta, Leach. 



Generic Character. Body elongated, sacciform ; ante- 

 rior margin of the mantle adherent to the back of the 

 head. Fins short, rounded, subpedunculate, approximate, 

 dorsal, and subterminal. Gladius long and narrow. 

 (Owen.) 



Example, Cranchia scabra. Leach. 



Such are the arrangement and definitions given by Pro- 

 fessor Owen in the Cyclop&dia of Annlnini/ mid Physio- 

 fgy. The family appears to us to be truly natural ; and 

 the definitions are very accurate. The views and defini- 

 tions of other authors regarding the forms belonging to 

 this family, and an illustration of the forms themselves, 

 will be found in the article SEPIAD.E. 



TEUTOBURGER WALD. [GKRMANY.] 



TEUTON K; NATIONS is the general name under which 

 are comprised the different nations of the Teutonic race, 

 which are divided into three branches. The first branch 

 contains the High Germans, to whom belong the Teutonic 

 inhabitants of Upper and Middle Germany, those of Swit- 

 zerland, and the greater part of the Germans of Hungary ; 

 it is subdivided into the Suabian and the Franconian minor 



branches. The second is the Saxon branch, which is di- 

 vided into three minor branches : the first of which 

 contains the Frisians ; the second contains the Old Saxons 

 or Low Germans, with the Dutch, the Flemings, and the 

 Saxons of Transylvania ; and the third contains the Eng- 

 lish, the Scotch, and the greater part of the inhabitants of 

 the United States of North America. The third branch 

 is the Scandinavian, to which belong the Icelanders, the 

 Norwegians, the Danes, and the Swedes. Upwards of 

 eighty-two millions of individuals belong to the Teutonic 

 race. The Germans amount to about forty-two millions, thirty- 

 three of which live in Germany, the remaining eight or 

 nine millions form a greater or less part of the population 

 of East Prussia, of Switzerland, of Hungary, of Transyl- 

 vania, of France (in Alsace and north-east Lorraine), 

 of Russia (in the Baltic provinces, in the kingdom of 

 Poland, in the Crimea, in Bessarabia, and in the German 

 colonies in the environs of Saratov on the Volga), of the 

 duchy of Sleswig, and of the United States of North America, 

 especially Pennsylvania. The English amount to twenty- 

 eight millions, there being about sixteen millions of English 

 and Scotch in Great Britain and Ireland, two millions in the 

 English colonies, and about ten millions of Anglo-Americans 

 in the United States. The number of the Frisians is about 

 one hundred and thirty thousand, in the province of West 

 Friesland in Holland, in the islands in the German Ocean 

 along the Dutch and the German shore, in the Salerland 

 (near Oldenburg), and in the islands along the west coast 

 of the duchy of Sleswig. There are about three mil- 

 lions of Dutchmen in Holland, and in her colonies and the 

 Cape of Good Hope ; and there are about two millions 

 five hundred thousand Flemings in the north part of Bel- 

 gium, in the south part of Holland, and in the north-east 

 part of France. The number of individuals belonging to 

 the Scandinavian branch amounts to about six millions, 

 among whom there are nearly fifty thousand Icelanders ; 

 one million five hundred thousand Danes in Denmark, 

 in her colonies and in the north part of the duchy of 

 Sleswig ; one million two hundred thousand Norwegians ; 

 and about three millions two hundred thousand Swedes in 

 Sweden and in the present Russian province of Finland, 

 especially along the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, in the 

 districts of Abo and Nyland, and on the Aland islands, 

 which are entirely inhabited by Swedes. 



Light hair and blue eyes in the northern countries, and 

 brown hair and brown or blue eyes in some of the southern 

 countries, are characteristics of the Teutonic race. Their 

 stature is generally tall, although in those provinces wliere 

 the Germans are mixed with Wends, Sorabians, and Bohe- 

 mians, many of the people have the broad shoulders and 

 the short square form of the north-western Slavonians. 

 The straight black hair of some Slavonian tribes also some- 

 times appears. The mixture of Germans with the south- 

 western Slavonians, such as Winds and Croatians, whose 

 stature exceeds that of the Wends and Bohemians, is more 

 difficult to be distinguished, the black straight hair and a 

 darker complexion being almost the only indication of 

 such a mixture. The mixture of Germans with Celts in 

 Belgium and in the adjoining part of France has formed a 

 tall race which differs from their Teutonic neighbours 

 only in the dark colour of their hair and their black eyes. 

 (Plate 1 , Scenen aim dem Volksleben in Belgien.) 



It is very difficult to distinguish the descendants of 

 English and Irish parents as belonging either to the Teu- 

 tonic or the Celtic race, though it appears that wherever 

 aquiline noses are seen among the lower classes they are a 

 proof of Celtic origin, the true Teutonic nose not being 

 aquiline, but either straight or curved only in its upper part. 

 In general also the Teutonic forehead is broader between the 

 temples than the Celtic. (Clement, Die Nordgermanische 

 Welt ; Herder, Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte, vol.i.) 



The moral and intellectual difference between the 

 Teutonic nations is less remarkable than that which exists 

 between other European nations of the same race with one 

 another. Capable of strong and violent passions, they do not 

 easily lose their self-control, the intellectual functions being 

 more developed than in most other races. Southern nations, 

 confounding liveliness of feeling with intensity, and nervous 

 excitability with moral sensibility, have been deceived by 

 the cool character of the Teutonic nations, and have 

 accused them of indifference. But. the most superficial 

 examination will show their sensibility, a fact which is proved 

 by their poetry. The Teutonic nations are leas excitable 



