T E Z 



273 



T H A 



1738, fol. ; Bibaotheca Hispana Nova, Auctore D. Nicolao 

 Antonio, reeognita, emendata, et aucta, Matriti, 1788, fol. 

 Turich : h. e. Series Regum Persiae ab Ardschir-Babckan 

 usque ad Jazdigerdem, a Chalifitiis expuhum, authore 

 VVilhelmo Schikard, Tubingae, '1628, 4to. ; Persia, seu 

 Rpgni Persici Status, Variaque Itinera in atque per Per- 

 siam, Lugd. Batav., 1633, 24mo.) 



TEXEL, or TESSEL, is an island in the North Sea, at 

 the northern extremity of the province of North Holland, 

 from which it is divided by a channel called the Maas 

 Diep. Including Eierland, it is 12 miles in length and 

 6 in breadth. It has a large and secure harbour, and a 

 commodious roadstead on fhe east coast. The northern 

 part of the island, called Eierland (i.e. Eggs-land, from the 

 vast quantity of eggs laid by the sea-gulls), was a separate 

 island tiH 1029, but is now joined to Texel by a sand-bank. 

 Texel is celebrated for a breed of sheep (50,000) with a 

 silky kind of wool, and many thousand lambs are annually 

 exported to the different provinces of Holland. The in- 

 habitants, 5000 in number, make great quantities of a 

 green cheese from sheep's milk ; many of them are engaged 

 in the oyster fishery. Besides the petty town of Texel 

 there are C villages in the island. Important naval battles 

 have been fought off the coast ot'this island : in 1053, when 

 Admiral Blake defeated the Dutch under Van Tromp ; in 

 1673, between the Dutch and the combined English and 

 French fleets, which was a drawn battle ; and in 1799, be- 

 tween the English and Dutch fleets, when the latter, being 

 disaffected to the republican, government, surrendered 

 without much resistance. 



(Hassel, Geography ; Stein's Lexicon ; Cannabich, Geo- 

 grtipky.') 



TEXTI'LIA, Mr. Swainson's name for a subgenus of 

 CONUS. Ex., Conus Ammiralin. Mu/acology.) 

 TEXTOR. [WEAVER BIRDS.] 



TEXTULA'RIA. [FORAMINIFERA, vol. x., p. 348.] 

 TEZA, or TAZA. [MAROCCO.] 

 TEZCU'CO. [MEXICAN STATES.] , 

 TEZEL, or TETZEL, .TOHAXN, a Dominican monk, 

 who lived about the end of the fifteenth and the beginninir 

 of the sixteenth century. His name would have been for- 

 gotten but for the scandalous manner in which he earned 

 on the traffic in indulgences, which roused the indignation 

 of the better part of his contemporaries, and thus led to the 

 reformation in Germany. He was a native of Leipzig. 

 where he studied theology, and afterwards entered the order 

 of the Dominicans in the Pauliner Kloster. In the year 

 1502 the pope appointed him preacher of indulgences for 

 Germany. He converted this office into a most lucrative 

 traffic, and is said to have made use of the basest means 

 for the purpose of obtaining money. His conduct too 

 was so bad, that he was condemned at Inspruck to be 

 sewed up in a sack and to be drowned, having been con- 

 victed of adultery. But the interference of his superiors 

 caused the sentence to be changed into imprisonment for 

 life. Hi; was accordingly conveyed to Leipzig, and con- 

 fined in a tower which stood in that city near the Grimma- 

 gate fGrimmaer-Thor) until the year 1834, when it was 

 pulled down. He had however not been imprisoned long 

 before he was set at liberty at the request of Albert, arch- 

 bishop of Mainz, and other ecclesiastical dignitaries. 

 Tez.el now made a pilefrimnsje to Home, and acted the 

 part of a penitent so well, that Pope Leo X. not only ab- 

 solved him of his sins, but appointed him commissarius 

 apoitolicus in Germany, in addition to which the arch- 

 bishop of Mainz made him ' inquisitor haereticae pravi- 

 tatis.' In his capacity of papal commissary he now carried 

 on his traffic in indulgences more impudently than ever. 

 He traversed Saxony in an open carriage, accompanied by 

 attendants, and carrying with him two chests, one of which 

 contained the indulgences, and the other the money raised 

 from their sale. This latter chest is said to have had the 

 following inscription : 



.Soliald das geld im hasten Minjt, 

 Sobald dii- w\' "en himmel sprin^t.' 



ma us thf< gold in the chest rings. 

 So soon tlic soul to heaven si'iings.) 



His reputation for sanctity had become so great, that in 

 several places the population of towns met him in solemn 

 procession, and his entry was accompanied with the ring- 

 ing of the church-bells. He sold indulgences for all 

 crime', murder, perjury, adultery, and not only for crimes 

 already committed, but also for those which a person 

 >. C., No. 15 



might commit. At last, in the year 1517, Luther openly 

 opposed him, in the celebrated theses which he fixed on 

 the church-door of Wittemberg. Tezel made a reply in 

 another set of theses, which however were immediately 

 burnt by the students in the market-place of Wittemberg. 

 Tezel seems to have acted contrary to the intention of 

 his superiors, and to have gone beyond his instructions, 

 for Karl von Miltitz, who was sent by the pope to settle 

 the disputes which had arisen out of his conduct, repri- 

 manded him severely. In the year 1518 however Tezel, 

 notwithstanding all this, obtained the degree of Doctor of 

 Divinity at Frankfurt on the Oder. After this event, he 

 returned to Leipzig to his convent, where he died, in Au- 

 gust, 1519, of the plague, shortly after the celebrated theo- 

 logical disputation pi' Eck and Karlstadt. He was buried 

 in the church of his convent (the present chapel of the 

 university) ; but there is now no trace of his grave, as that, 

 part of the church which contained his remains was pulled 

 down in the seventeenth century to make room for some 

 fortifications. [LUTHER.] Compare P. Melanchthonius, 

 Historia Vitae M. Lutheri, i., p. 153, &c. ; Gieseler, Lehr- 

 buch der neuern Kirchengeschichte, vol. hi., p. 20 ; Loscher, 

 Vollstandige Reformations-Acta, ii., p. 324; and more 

 especially Hechtius, Vita Tezelii. 



THAARUP, THOMAS, a Danish poet and dramatist, 

 highly esteemed by his countrymen as one of the classics 

 in their literature, was the son of an ironmonger at Copen- 

 hagen. He was born 21st August, 1749, the very same 

 day as Edward Storm, another poet. This coincidence 

 would hardly deserve notice, if something of the marvel- 

 lous had not been founded upon it, it being said that 

 Thaarup's mother dreamed that the wife of a clergyman at 

 Guldbrandsdalen was delivered just at the same time of a 

 son, who would be the rival of her own. If not great, 

 both of them were popular and national poets ; and though 

 neither very numerous nor of very great extent, their pro- 

 ductions, especially their lyric pieces, earned for them a 

 reputation which does not always fall to the lot of writers 

 of more ambition and of higher pretension. This was 

 more particularly the case with regard to Thaarup, whose 

 Jiree little musical dramas, ' Hostgildet,' 'Peters Bryllup,' 

 and ' Hiemkomsten,' are esteemed chefs-d'neuvre of their 

 cind, and the songs and airs were known by heart by every 

 one, and repeated all over Denmark. Their celebrity was 

 iot at all less than that of the ' Beggars' Opera' in this 

 country. After the death of Storm [SCANDINAVIAN LITE- 

 RATURE, p. 3], Thaarup succeeded him as one of the di- 

 rectors of the theatre at Copenhagen, in which situation 

 ic remained till 1800. But though he survived Storm 

 a full quarter of a century, Thaarup's literary life did not 

 extend much beyond that of Storm. If he did not en- 

 irely lay aside his pen at the commencement of the pre- 

 ent century, all the productions by which he will be 

 remembered had appeared in the preceding one. He 

 continued to reside at Copenhagen, where he died in the 

 summer of 1821. Some of his hymns have been trans- 

 lated into German by Voss. 



(Skilderic af Kiubenhavn, 1821 ; Neue Bibliothek der 

 Sclwiienieissenchaflen, vol. Iv.) 



THA'BET BEN KORRAH, an eminent physician, phi- 

 losopher, and geometrician, whose complete names, as 

 given by Ibn Abi 'Ossaibiah (Fontes Relationum de Clas- 

 sibus Medicorum, cap. 10, 3), were Abu '1-Hasan Thabet 

 Ben Korrah. He was born at Harran in Mesopotamia, A.H. 

 221 (A.D. 835-0), where he at first carried on the business 

 of a money-changer ; he afterwards however went to 

 Bagdad to pursue his studies, which he carried on with so 

 much zeal, that he became one of the most celebrated lite- 

 rary and scientific men of his age. He belonged to the 

 sect of the Sabians, but got entangled in some religious 

 disputes, and was expelled from their communion. In 

 consequence of this he left Harran, where he had been 

 residing for some time, and went to Bagdad with the cele- 

 brated astronomer Mohammed Ben Musa. There he lived 

 in his house, and was introduced by him to Mo'tadhed 

 Billah, sixteenth of the 'Abbaside Khalifs (A.H. 279-289, 

 A.D. 892-602), who appointed him one of his astrologers, 

 and ever afterwards, on account of his acquirements and 

 his pleasing manners, continued on terms of great intimacy 

 with him. He died on the 2Gth of Safar, A.H. 288 (Fe- 

 bruary 18, A.D. 901), aged sixty-seven lunar, or sixty-five 

 solar years. His sons Senan and Ibrahim, and their de- 

 scendants, practised physic with much reputation at Bag- 



VOL. XXIV.-2 N 



